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ŠĢĢÓ=Óņ ņÓ  ÓDecision€on€Admissibilityó óŠ $ą" ŠÓ"ÓÓÓĢ1.€€€€€€The€complainant€is€Mr.€Marcos€Roitman€Rosenmann,€a€Spanish€citizen€of€Chilean€origin€andŠ p&Ą!$ Šprofessor€of€Sociology,€at€present€residing€in€Madrid.€He€is€represented€by€counsel.€He€allegesŠ `'°"% Šviolations€by€Spain€of€articles€8,€paragraph€4,€9,€paragraphs€1€and€2,€13€and€14€of€the€ConventionŠ P( #& Šagainst€Torture€and€other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment.€Spain€is€a€partyŠ @)$' Što€the€Convention,€and€gave€the€declaration€under€article€22€on€21€October€1987.Š 0*€%( ŠĢņ ņThe€facts€as€submitted€by€the€complainant€ó óŠ ,`'* ŠĢ2.1€€€€€€The€complainant€claims€that€he€was€subjected€to€torture€in€Chile€following€the€coup€d'tatŠ š-@), Šof€September€1973.€On€4€July€1996,€a€group€of€alleged€torture€victims€filed€a€complaint€pursuantŠ ° Što€the€applicable€provisions€on€actio€popularis€(arts.€19.1€and€20.3€of€the€LO€del€Poder€Judicial,€arts.Š  š Š101€and€270€of€the€Ley€de€Enjuiciamiento€Criminal,€acciš;šš;šn€popular,€art.€125€of€the€SpanishŠ ą ŠConstitution)€with€the€Juzgado€Central€de€Instrucciš;šš;šn€de€Guardia€de€la€Audiencia€Nacional,Š €Š Šrequesting€that€criminal€proceedings€be€opened€against€the€former€Chilean€Chief€of€State,€GeneralŠ pĄ ŠAugusto€Pinochet,€for€violations€of€human€rights€allegedly€committed€in€Chile€between€SeptemberŠ ` ° Š1973€and€March€1990,€including€violations€of€articles€1,€2,€4€and€16€of€the€Convention.€On€7€MayŠ P   Š1997€the€complainant€appeared€before€the€Audiencia€Nacional€and€gave€testimony€as€a€witness€ofŠ @  Štorture€in€Chile.€Š 0 € ŠĢ2.2€€€€€€On€16€October€1998€General€Pinochet,€who€had€travelled€from€Chile€to€the€United€KingdomŠ `  Šfor€medical€treatment€and€was€convalescing€in€London,€was€placed€under€detention€by€UnitedŠ P  ŠKingdom€police€authorities€pursuant€to€a€warrant€issued€on€the€basis€of€the€criminal€proceedingsŠ š@  Šopened€in€Spain.€After€more€than€16€months€of€legal,€political€and€diplomatic€actions,€the€UnitedŠ ą0  ŠKingdom€Home€Secretary€allowed€General€Pinochet€to€return€to€Chile€on€2€March€2000.Š Š  ŠĢ2.3€€€€€€The€complainant€states€that€Spain€has€extraterritorial€jurisdiction€over€crimes€committedŠ ° Šagainst€Spanish€citizens€anywhere€in€the€world,€and€that,€accordingly,€it€had€the€right€and€theŠ  š Šobligation€to€request€the€extradition€of€General€Pinochet€from€the€United€Kingdom,€in€order€to€tryŠ ą Šhim€before€the€Spanish€courts€because€of€crimes€committed€against€Spanish€citizens€in€Chile.Š €Š ŠĢ2.4€€€€€€On€8€October€1999€the€Bow€Street€Magistrates€Court€in€the€United€Kingdom€decided€thatŠ `° ŠGeneral€Augusto€Pinochet€could€be€extradited€to€Spain.€General€Pinochet€filed€a€writ€of€habeasŠ P  Šcorpus€with€the€High€Court,€which€was€scheduled€for€a€hearing€on€20€March€2000.€In€the€meantime,Š @ Šthe€Home€Office,€on€its€own€initiative,€ordered€a€medical€examination€of€General€Pinochet,€whichŠ 0€ Štook€place€on€5€January€2000.€On€the€basis€of€the€results€of€this€examination,€the€Home€SecretaryŠ  p Šinformed€the€parties€on€11€January€2000€that€he€was€considering€the€possibility€of€discontinuing€theŠ ` Šextradition€process€for€medical€reasons€and€invited€comments€by€18€January.€The€Spanish€AudienciaŠ P ŠNacional,€through€the€Spanish€Ministry€for€Foreign€Affairs,€informed€the€British€Home€Office€onŠ š@ Š13€January€that€it€maintained€its€request€for€extradition.€However,€by€note€verbale€of€17€JanuaryŠ ą0 Š2000,€the€Spanish€Embassy€in€London€indicated€that€Spain€would€not€appeal€a€decision€by€the€HomeŠ Š  ŠSecretary€to€discontinue€the€extradition€process.Š Ą! ŠĢ2.5€€€€€€On€19€January€2000€the€Audiencia€Nacional€prepared€a€document€addressed€to€the€(British)Š  #š! ŠCrown€Prosecution€Service,€counterpart€of€the€Spanish€judicial€authorities€in€the€extradition€process,Š $ą" Što€file€an€appeal€in€case€of€a€negative€decision€by€the€Home€Secretary.€However,€the€SpanishŠ €%Š # ŠMinistry€for€Foreign€Affairs€did€not€forward€this€document€to€the€Crown€Prosecution€Service.Š p&Ą!$ ŠĢ2.6€€€€€€In€a€report€dated€20€January€2000,€the€Crown€Prosecution€Service€requested€instructions€inŠ P( #& Šorder€to€prepare€an€appeal€before€23€January.€The€Spanish€Ministry€of€Foreign€Affairs€did€notŠ @)$' Šforward€this€report€to€the€Audiencia€Nacional€until€10€February€2000.€Other€requests€of€the€CrownŠ 0*€%( ŠProsecution€Service€of€24€and€25€January€never€reached€the€Audiencia€Nacional,€as€a€result€of€whichŠ  +p&) Šthe€Crown€Prosecution€Service€was€unable€to€intervene€in€the€judicial€hearings€held€on€26€and€27Š ,`'* ŠJanuary€in€connection€with€a€claim€filed€by€Belgium€and€others€against€the€decision€of€the€HomeŠ -P(+ ŠSecretary€to€keep€the€medical€reports€secret.€Š š-@), Ї2.7€€€€€€On€24€January€the€Audiencia€Nacional€informed€the€Spanish€Ministry€for€Foreign€Affairs€ofŠ ° Šits€intention€to€appeal€in€case€the€extradition€was€not€granted.€However,€it€was€reported€that€theŠ  š ŠMinister€for€Foreign€Affairs€had€made€public€statements€indicating€that€he€would€not€transmit€suchŠ ą Šan€appeal€to€the€British€authorities.Š €Š ŠĢ2.8€€€€€€In€a€decision€dated€15€February€2000,€the€High€Court€accepted€the€claim€filed€by€BelgiumŠ ` ° Šin€connection€with€the€medical€reports€and€asked€the€Home€Office€to€send€copy€of€them€to€theŠ P   ŠAudiencia€Nacional€in€order€to€allow€it€to€make€a€submission,€if€it€so€wished.€On€the€same€date€theŠ @  ŠHome€Office€sent€the€reports€to€the€Audiencia€Nacional€through€the€Spanish€Ministry€for€ForeignŠ 0 € ŠAffairs.€The€Audiencia€Nacional€made€its€submission€to€the€Home€Office€on€22€February€2000,Š  p  Šincluding€a€medical€report€in€which€Spanish€doctors€questioned€the€conclusions€reached€by€theŠ `  ŠBritish€physicians€who€had€examined€General€Pinochet€on€5€January€2000.Š P  ŠĢ2.9€€€€€€On€1€March€2000€at€4€p.m.€the€Home€Secretary€informed€the€Spanish€Ambassador€in€LondonŠ ą0  Šthrough€the€Crown€Prosecution€Service,€as€well€as€the€authorities€of€Belgium,€France€andŠ Š  ŠSwitzerland,€that€he€would€make€public€his€decision€concerning€the€extradition€process€on€theŠ Ą Šfollowing€day€at€8€a.m.€The€Spanish€Ministry€for€Foreign€Affairs,€however,€did€not€inform€theŠ ° ŠAudiencia€Nacional.€At€the€same€time€the€Home€Office€also€sent€a€letter€to€the€Crown€ProsecutionŠ  š ŠService€asking€it€to€inform€the€Home€Office€in€advance€in€case€it€decided€to€file€an€appeal€before€theŠ ą ŠCourts€on€the€following€day.€Copy€of€this€letter€was€sent€to€the€Audiencia€Nacional€by€the€SpanishŠ €Š ŠMinistry€for€Foreign€Affairs€only€on€2€March€at€11:18€hours,€after€the€Spanish€press€had€reportedŠ pĄ Šon€it.€Without€waiting€to€receive€the€letter,€the€Audiencia€Nacional,€on€2€March,€issued€an€orderŠ `° Šinstructing€the€Crown€Prosecution€Service€to€file€an€appeal€against€the€decision€to€release€GeneralŠ P  ŠPinochet.€The€order€was€faxed€at€10€a.m.€to€the€Spanish€Foreign€Minister,€who€decided€not€toŠ @ Šforward€it€to€the€Crown€Prosecution€Service€and€informed€the€press€accordingly.€In€view€of€the€factŠ 0€ Šthat€an€appeal€had€not€been€filed,€the€Home€Secretary,€at€2€p.m.,€authorized€the€departure€of€GeneralŠ  p ŠPinochet's€flight€for€Chile.Š ` ŠĢ2.10€€€€€€With€respect€to€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies€in€Spain,€the€complainant€states€thatŠ š@ Šhe€filed€a€complaint€against€D.€Abel€Matutes€Juan,€the€then€Minister€for€Foreign€Affairs,€before€theŠ ą0 ŠSpanish€Supreme€Court€for€refusing€to€cooperate€with€the€Judiciary.€In€a€resolution€dated€1€FebruaryŠ Š  Š2000,€the€Spanish€Supreme€Court€refused€to€examine€the€complaint.€The€complainant€then€filed€anŠ Ą! Šappeal€against€the€Resolution,€which€was€also€rejected€on€22€February€2000.€On€24€February€2000,Š °"  Šthe€complainant€filed€a€new€complaint€against€the€Minister€for€Foreign€Affairs€for€concealingŠ  #š! Šdocuments€relevant€to€the€extradition€process.€The€Supreme€Court€refused€to€examine€this€complaintŠ $ą" Šin€Resolutions€dated€6€March€and€13€April€2000.€On€16€March€2000,€the€complainant€filed€a€thirdŠ €%Š # Šcomplaint€against€the€Minister€for€failing€to€transmit€submissions€of€the€Audiencia€Nacional€to€theŠ p&Ą!$ ŠCrown€Prosecution€Service.€This€complaint€was€dismissed€by€Resolutions€dated€28€April€and€3€MayŠ `'°"% Š2000.Š P( #& ŠĢ2.11€€€€€€The€complainant€states€that€the€same€matter€has€not€been€submitted€to€any€otherŠ 0*€%( Šinternational€procedure€of€investigation€or€settlement.Š  +p&) ŠĢĢŠ š-@), Šņ ņThe€complaint€ó óŠ ° ŠĢ3.1€€€€€€The€complainant€argues€that€under€Spanish€law€the€judicial€authorities€are€in€control€of€theŠ ą Šextradition€process€and€that€the€Executive€has€the€obligation€to€comply€with€the€judicial€authorities.Š €Š ŠHe€claims€that€in€the€case€at€hand,€by€failing€to€follow€the€instructions€of€the€judicial€authorities€andŠ pĄ Špromptly€forward€the€relevant€documents€to€the€British€counterpart,€the€Spanish€Minister€for€ForeignŠ ` ° ŠAffairs€obstructed€the€extradition€process€and€did€not€act€in€an€impartial€manner,€in€contraventionŠ P   Šof€articles€8,€9,€13€and€14€of€the€Convention.€Š @  ŠĢ3.2€€€€€€The€complainant€claims,€inter€alia,€that€Spain€violated€its€obligations€under€the€ConventionŠ  p  Šby€not€pressing€with€all€due€diligence€its€extradition€request.€In€this€context€the€complainant€invokesŠ `  Šarticle€13€of€the€Convention,€which€stipulates€in€part€that€"Each€State€party€shall€ensure€that€anyŠ P  Šindividual€who€alleges€he€has€been€subjected€to€torture€in€any€territory€under€its€jurisdiction€has€theŠ š@  Šright€to€complain€to,€and€to€have€his€case€promptly€and€impartially€examined€by,€its€competentŠ ą0  Šauthorities."€It€is€argued€that€the€deliberate€obstruction€of€the€extradition€process€violated€theŠ Š  Šcomplainant's€rights€under€article€13€of€the€Convention€to€have€his€case€examined€by€competentŠ Ą Šauthorities€and€to€obtain€compensation€under€article€14€of€the€Convention.Š ° ŠĢ3.3€€€€€€The€complainant€also€invokes€article€9,€paragraph€1,€of€the€Convention,€which€stipulates€thatŠ ą Š"States€Parties€shall€afford€one€another€the€greatest€measure€of€assistance€in€connection€with€criminalŠ €Š Šproceedings€brought€in€respect€of€any€of€the€offences€referred€to€in€article€4€".€It€is€argued€thatŠ pĄ ŠSpain's€handling€of€the€extradition€process€failed€to€meet€this€requirement.Š `° ŠĢņ ņObservations€by€the€State€party€ó óŠ @ ŠĢ4.1€€€€€€By€note€verbale€of€6€February€2001,€the€State€party€submitted€its€observations,€challengingŠ  p Šadmissibility€on€several€grounds.€Š ` ŠĢ4.2€€€€€€The€State€party€considers€the€communication€inadmissible€because€the€complainant€lacks€theŠ š@ Šquality€of€"victim"€and€explains€that€in€the€Spanish€judicial€proceedings€that€led€to€the€request€byŠ ą0 ŠSpain€for€the€extradition€of€General€Pinochet,€the€complainant€was€involved€not€as€a€victim€or€as€aŠ Š  Šcivil€party€to€the€proceedings,€but€rather€in€his€capacity€as€a€witness.€In€this€connection€the€StateŠ Ą! Šparty€quotes€the€original€complaint€which€stated€that€"the€witness€can€be€interrogated€about€theŠ °"  Šgeneral€practice€of€torture€against€Spanish€citizens€and€citizens€of€other€countries".Š  #š! ŠĢ4.3€€€€€€The€State€party€further€argues€that€the€communication€is€inadmissible€because€ofŠ €%Š # Šnon-exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€since€at€the€time€of€submission€the€complainant€was€in€theŠ p&Ą!$ Šprocess€of€appealing€certain€Resolutions.€Moreover,€it€is€stated€that€the€complainant€failed€to€appealŠ `'°"% Što€the€Constitutional€Court€(Tribunal€Constitucional)€by€way€of€amparo.€It€is€submitted€that€appealsŠ P( #& Šin€amparo€are€effective€remedies€in€Spain,€and€have€been€successful€in€many€other€cases€ofŠ @)$' ŠResolutions€dismissing€complaints.Š 0*€%( ŠĢ4.4€€€€€€By€note€verbale€of€5€June€2001€the€State€party€reiterates€the€arguments€contained€in€its€earlierŠ ,`'* Šsubmission€and€submits€that€the€complaint€should€be€declared€inadmissible€because€it€falls€outsideŠ -P(+ Šthe€scope€of€the€Convention,€bearing€in€mind€that€(1)€the€complainant€does€not€claim€to€be€a€victimŠ š-@), Šof€torture€perpetrated€by€the€Spanish€authorities,€(2)€the€complainant€did€not€claim€to€be€a€victim€ofŠ ° Štorture€in€the€Spanish€proceedings€against€General€Pinochet.€In€this€sense,€the€State€party€adds€thatŠ  š Šthe€complaint€is€in€the€nature€of€a€laboratory€case€in€order€to€test€the€scope€of€the€Convention.€TheŠ ą ŠState€party€submits€that€the€communication€is€manifestly€ill-founded,€as€the€articles€of€theŠ €Š ŠConvention€do€not€impose€such€far-reaching€obligations€on€State€parties,€and€certainly€not€on€StateŠ pĄ Šparties€in€whose€territory€the€person€accused€of€torture€is€not€found.€Moreover,€with€regard€to€a€rightŠ ` ° Što€compensation€under€article€14€of€the€Convention,€the€State€party€explains€that€since€theŠ P   Šcomplainant€was€not€one€of€the€civil€parties€in€the€Spanish€criminal€proceeding€against€GeneralŠ @  ŠPinochet,€he€would€not€have€had€any€right€to€compensation€under€the€Spanish€proceedings.Š 0 € ŠĢ4.5€€€€€€As€to€the€claim€that€the€Spanish€Minister€for€Foreign€Affairs€disobeyed€a€judicial€orderŠ `  Š(mandato€judicial),€the€State€party€indicates€that€this€claim€was€brought€by€the€complainant€beforeŠ P  Šthe€Tribunal€Supremo,€which€dismissed€the€claim€on€the€grounds€that€under€Spanish€law,€asŠ š@  Šinterpreted€by€the€Tribunal€Supremo,€there€was€no€such€judicial€order€that€the€Minister€was€boundŠ ą0  Što€obey.€Moreover,€in€the€Spanish€democratic€order,€certain€domains€are€properly€within€the€politicalŠ Š  Šdiscretion€of€the€Executive.€The€State€party€emphasizes€that€it€was€not€the€Spanish€Government,€butŠ Ą Šthe€British€Government,€which,€in€the€exercise€of€its€political€discretion,€decided€not€to€extraditeŠ ° ŠGeneral€Pinochet€to€Spain,€Belgium€or€Switzerland,€and€decided€instead€to€permit€his€return€to€Chile.Š  š ŠĢ4.6€€€€€€The€State€party€further€argues€that€the€Convention€against€Torture€does€not€impose€upon€anyŠ €Š Šone€State€the€exclusive€or€even€preferential€competence€to€try€a€person€accused€of€torture,€in€theŠ pĄ Šinstant€case,€an€exclusive€or€preferential€competence€of€Spain€to€try€a€Chilean€citizen€for€crimesŠ `° Šcommitted€in€Chile.€Spain€acted€correctly€in€requesting€extradition€from€the€United€Kingdom,€butŠ P  Šthis€extradition€was€not€granted€because€of€the€exercise€of€political€discretion€by€the€UnitedŠ @ ŠKingdom.€Š 0€ ŠĢņ ņFurther€comments€by€the€complainant€ó óŠ ` ŠĢ5.€€€€€€In€submissions€dated€6€March€2001€and€18€October€2001,€the€complainant€reiterates€his€priorŠ š@ Šstatements€of€fact€and€arguments.€He€refers€to€his€appearance€as€a€witness€in€the€case€before€theŠ ą0 ŠAudiencia€Nacional€on€7€May€1997,€in€which€he€declared€that€in€1973,€when€he€was€17€years€old,Š Š  Šhe€and€other€engineering€students€had€been€arrested€and€taken€to€a€football€stadium€converted€intoŠ Ą! Ša€detention€centre,€where€they€were€subjected€to€various€kinds€of€physical€and€mental€abuse.€TheŠ °"  Šcomplainant€appeared€as€a€witness,€but€could€have€joined€the€criminal€action€against€GeneralŠ  #š! ŠPinochet€pursuant€to€articles€108,€111€and€112€of€the€Spanish€Ley€de€Enjuiciamiento€Criminal.€HeŠ $ą" Šfurther€claims€that€the€Committee€should€consider€that€domestic€remedies€have€been€exhausted,Š €%Š # Šsince€in€the€circumstances€of€the€case,€an€appeal€on€amparo€to€the€Constitutional€Court€would€notŠ p&Ą!$ Šbe€an€effective€remedy,€bearing€in€mind€that€the€Resolution€of€30€May€2000€rejecting€theŠ `'°"% Šcomplainant's€appeal€was€not€a€summary€dismissal€but€a€reasoned€judgement,€and€that€theŠ P( #& ŠConstitutional€Court€recognizes€the€competence€of€the€lower€criminal€courts€to€interpret€the€SpanishŠ @)$' Špenal€law.Š 0*€%( ŠĢņ ņIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€Committee€ó óŠ ,`'* ŠĢ6.1€€€€€€Before€examining€the€merits€of€a€communication,€the€Committee€Against€Torture€mustŠ š-@), Šdetermine€whether€the€communication€is€admissible€under€article€22€of€the€Convention.Š ° ŠĢ6.2€€€€€€The€Committee€notes€the€complainant's€allegations€that€the€violation€of€the€Convention€liesŠ ą Šin€the€refusal€of€the€Spanish€Minister€for€Foreign€Affairs€to€transmit€Resolutions€adopted€by€theŠ €Š ŠAudiencia€Nacional€to€the€relevant€British€authorities.€The€Committee€has€also€noted€the€StateŠ pĄ Šparty's€response€that€the€matter€was€raised€by€the€complainant€before€the€competent€Spanish€courts,Š ` ° Šwhich€determined€that€there€was€no€violation€of€Spanish€law.€The€Committee€considers€that€theŠ P   Šinterpretation€of€national€laws€is€within€the€competence€of€the€tribunals€of€States€parties€and€that,Š @  Šaccordingly,€it€is€not€in€a€position€to€make€a€finding€with€respect€to€the€application€or€interpretationŠ 0 € Šof€Spanish€law€in€matters€of€extradition.€The€Committee€limits€itself€to€examining€the€admissibilityŠ  p  Šof€the€communication€in€the€light€of€the€criteria€established€by€the€Convention€against€Torture€andŠ `  Šother€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment.Š P  ŠĢ6.3€€€€€€The€Committee€notes€that€the€State€party's€objections€to€the€admissibility€of€theŠ ą0  Šcommunication€are€essentially€fourfold:€(a)€lack€of€standing€on€the€part€of€the€complainant,€who€doesŠ Š  Šnot€claim€to€have€been€tortured€by€Spanish€authorities€nor€became€a€party€to€the€Spanish€criminalŠ Ą Šproceedings€against€General€Pinochet;€(b)€failure€to€exhaust€domestic€remedies,€including€an€appealŠ ° Šin€amparo€to€the€Constitutional€Court;€(c)€ratione€personae,€since€the€alleged€torture€was€notŠ  š Šcommitted€by€Spanish€authorities,€but€by€agents€of€the€Chilean€State,€and€because€General€PinochetŠ ą Šwas€not€on€Spanish€soil;€and€(d)€lack€of€competence€ratione€materiae,€since€no€article€of€theŠ €Š ŠConvention€imposes€an€obligation€on€a€State€party€to€demand€extradition€of€a€person€suspected€ofŠ pĄ Štorture.Š `° ŠĢ6.4€€€€€€With€respect€to€the€State€party's€argument€that€the€complainant€lacks€standing€to€bring€theŠ @ Šcommunication,€the€Committee€notes€that€the€complainant€claims€that€he€was€arrested€by€membersŠ 0€ Šof€the€Chilean€police€and€subjected€to€beatings€and€other€ill-treatment.€While€those€acts€occurredŠ  p Šoutside€of€Spain,€and€before€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Convention,€the€complainant€does€not€claimŠ ` Ša€breach€by€Spain€of€his€right€not€to€be€subjected€to€torture,€or€other€cruel,€inhuman€or€degradingŠ P Štreatment€or€punishment.€Rather,€the€complainant€contends€that€Spain€is€in€breach€of€a€currentŠ š@ Šobligation€under€the€Convention€to€investigate€fully€and€prosecute€alleged€acts€of€torture€fallingŠ ą0 Šwithin€its€jurisdiction,€and,€in€furtherance€of€that€obligation,€to€pursue€the€extradition€proceedingsŠ Š  Što€the€furthest€extent€possible.€For€the€complainant€to€be€a€victim€of€the€alleged€violation,€however,Š Ą! Šhe€must€be€personally€and€directly€affected€by€the€alleged€breach€in€question.€The€CommitteeŠ °"  Šobserves€that,€in€the€present€case,€the€complainant€was€not€a€civil€party€to€the€criminal€proceedingsŠ  #š! Šin€Spain€against€the€alleged€offender,€General€Pinochet,€nor€did€his€case€form€part€of€the€SpanishŠ $ą" Šextradition€request.€Accordingly,€even€if€General€Pinochet€had€been€extradited€to€Spain,€theŠ €%Š # Šcomplainant's€situation€would€not€have€been€materially€altered€(at€least€without€further€legal€actionŠ p&Ą!$ Šon€the€complainant's€part).€The€Committee€considers,€as€a€consequence,€that€the€complainant€hasŠ `'°"% Šfailed€to€demonstrate€that,€at€the€time€of€the€communication,€he€was€a€victim€of€the€alleged€failureŠ P( #& Šof€the€State€party€to€abide€by€the€contended€obligation€under€the€Convention€to€exhaust€the€fullŠ @)$' Šmeasure€of€avenues€open€to€it€in€the€attempt€to€procure€the€alleged€offender's€extradition.Š 0*€%( ŠĢ6.5€€€€€€Moreover,€with€respect€to€(b),€the€Committee€notes€that€the€complainant€did€not€engageŠ ,`'* Šdomestic€remedies€in€Spain€by€becoming€a€civil€party€to€the€proceedings€to€obtain€the€extraditionŠ -P(+ Šof€General€Pinochet.€Further,€with€regard€to€his€complaints€against€the€Spanish€Minister€for€ForeignŠ š-@), ŠAffairs,€the€Committee€notes€that€the€complainant€did€not€make€use€of€the€remedy€of€amparo,€whichŠ ° Šthe€State€party€contends€is€an€available€and€effective€remedy,€citing€a€number€of€cases€before€theŠ  š ŠConstitutional€Court€in€support€of€this€proposition,€whereas€the€complainant€claims€that€amparoŠ ą Šwould€not€have€resulted€in€any€relief,€citing€relevant€case-law.€In€the€circumstances,€the€CommitteeŠ €Š Šis€not€in€a€position€to€decide€that€recourse€to€such€remedies€would€have€been€a€priori€futile€and€thusŠ pĄ Šnot€required€for€purposes€of€article€22,€paragraph€5€(b)€of€the€Convention.Š ` ° ŠĢ6.6€€€€€€With€respect€to€(c),€the€Committee€notes€that€the€complainant's€claims€with€regard€to€tortureŠ @  Šcommitted€by€Chilean€authorities€are€ratione€personae€justiciable€in€Chile€and€in€other€States€inŠ 0 € Šwhose€territory€General€Pinochet€may€be€found.€However,€to€the€extent€that€General€Pinochet€wasŠ  p  Šnot€in€Spain€at€the€time€of€the€submission€of€the€communication,€the€Committee€would€consider€thatŠ `  Šarticles€13€and€14€of€the€Convention€invoked€by€the€complainant€do€not€apply€ratione€personae€toŠ P  ŠSpain.€In€particular,€his€"right€to€complain€to,€and€to€have€his€case€promptly€and€impartiallyŠ š@  Šexamined€by,€[the]€competent€authorities",€and€his€claim€to€compensation€would€be€justiciableŠ ą0  Švis--vis€the€State€responsible€for€the€acts€of€torture,€i.e.€Chile,€not€Spain.€Š Š  ŠĢ6.7€€€€€€With€respect€to€(d),€the€Committee€observes€that€the€State€party€possesses€extraterritorialŠ ° Šjurisdiction€over€acts€of€torture€committed€against€its€nationals.€The€Committee€recalls€that€one€ofŠ  š Šthe€objects€of€the€Convention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€orŠ ą ŠPunishment€is€to€avoid€any€impunity€to€persons€having€committed€such€acts.€The€CommitteeŠ €Š Šobserves€that,€based€upon€the€State€party's€law,€and€in€conformity€with€articles€5,€paragraph€1€(c),Š pĄ Šand€8,€paragraph€4,€of€the€Convention,€the€State€party€sought€the€extradition€of€General€Pinochet€forŠ `° Štrial€in€Spain.€There€is€every€indication€that€Spain€would€have€brought€General€Pinochet€to€trial,Š P  Šonce€he€were€to€be€found€on€its€territory,€further€to€the€indictment€of€4€July€1996€of€the€Juez€CentralŠ @ Šde€la€Audiencia€Nacional€de€Espaa.€The€Committee€observes,€however,€that€while€the€ConventionŠ 0€ Šimposes€an€obligation€to€bring€to€trial€a€person,€alleged€to€have€committed€torture,€who€is€found€inŠ  p Šits€territory,€articles€8€and€9€of€the€Convention€do€not€impose€any€obligation€to€seek€an€extradition,Š ` Šor€to€insist€on€its€procurement€in€the€event€of€a€refusal.€In€this€connection,€the€Committee€refers€toŠ P Šarticle€5,€paragraph€1€(c),€of€the€Convention,€pursuant€to€which€a€State€party€shall€take€the€necessaryŠ š@ Šmeasures€to€establish€its€jurisdiction€over€the€offences€referred€to€in€article€4€"when€the€victim€is€aŠ ą0 Šnational€of€that€State€if€that€State€considers€it€appropriate".€The€Committee€considers€this€provisionŠ Š  Što€establish€a€discretionary€faculty€rather€than€a€mandatory€obligation€to€make,€and€insist€upon,€anŠ Ą! Šextradition€request.€Accordingly,€the€complaint€falls€ratione€materiae€outside€the€scope€of€the€articlesŠ °"  Šof€the€Convention€invoked€by€the€complainant.€Š  #š! ŠĢ7.€€€€€€The€Committee€against€Torture€consequently€decides:Š €%Š # ŠĢą0  ą(a)€That€the€communication€is€inadmissible;Š`'°"%(#(# ŠĢą0  ą(b)€That€this€decision€shall€be€communicated€to€the€State€party€and€to€the€complainant.Š@)$'(#(# ŠĢ___________________Š  +p&) ŠĢ*€The€following€members€of€the€Committee€participated€in€the€examination€of€the€present€complaint:Š -P(+ ŠPeter€Burns,€Guibril€Camara,€Sayed€El-Masry,€Alejandro€Gonzalez€Poblete,€Andreas€Mavrommatis,Š š-@), ŠOle€Rasmussen,€Alexander€Yakovlev€and€Yu€Mengjia.€Pursuant€to€Rule€103,€paragraph€(1)€(c),€ofŠ ° Šthe€Committee's€Rules€of€Procedure,€Mr.€Fernando€Mario€Menendez€did€not€participate€in€theŠ  š Šconsideration€of€this€case.Š ą ŠĢ**€Pursuant€to€Rule€113€of€the€Committee's€Rules€of€Procedure,€an€individual€opinion€signed€by€oneŠ pĄ ŠCommittee€member€is€appended.€Š ` ° ŠĢĢĢÓoÓÓ  Óņ ņIndividual€opinion€of€Committee€member€Mr.€Ō_ŌGuibrilŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌCamaraŌ_Ō,€dissenting€in€partó óŠ  p  ŠÓ