ÿWPCo1 HÊ. ¸‹a h™&q}$¨?ÝËÓÿ¤˜ U ÷Çæ¦L` h»OçÝÝ«EœT|eÅ‚6ÈÜnaåÚ’Û¸6[ËR’æIËÖXëqÑí¾òÓžÎû¦àòaèñ _ŒSø éÙóÕÖëË.„[sœ%ù LdàBÜe þÌ:GzÅ-…š¿¤]mþŠï†,Ÿ*<•'á5ø»$TEôÄNž/J–ƒÉp¥i6‘1eÿbMï'ذ·wIU«»³îÅiìû"ÕGÜ—™9]¯–eM³ìãÎ/”¾&œãÔ2£½ô‡boÌQÚÂFc™ÛˆKu,šœ!îO÷€e>ðüÍV!ØÍ“ä™ádëÔÁG㹩Kƒ¿ë©/GŽg‘Ô©¤ ua]}¢¶€ïöÚ/;ô{/¨Ãûj>X´ê…O ]¡œâɵs/Pñ¦GŸ½ëÓœ´AÍHΩÁô²7ÂF=›¡gÙ9_ h«[BÕ„Š™‰‰1tkG2·?è\»òcA&šew)"Ëlæü㔊Bz;‡¼(p–Žs@ÆhµkIÜ,9ª¶yÓ< sì§.]RÐú— CÑ*ÁGôÃ{m³ëëPýiÕ›9œú-ª —’¤õ0¿ÍãžÙôFªªI«J#É UNÕ %# 0:) 0ôc 0ñW 0îH 0ë6 0è! 0å  0âî 0ßÐ 0ܯ 0â‹ 0ßm 0ÜL 0Ù( 0Ö 0Ó× 0Ъ 0Íz 0ÊG 0á 0Þò 0ÛÐ 0Ø« 0Õƒ 0ÒX 0Ï* 0Ìù 0ÉÅ 00Ž 0<¾ 0¾ú 0>¸! 0vö! 0`l" 0`Ì" 0`,# 0`Œ# 0`ì# 08L$ 0Ò„$ 02V% 0üˆ% 0:„& 0Y¾& 0_' 0 v' 0j€( 0„ê) B*n+ D/˜+ D+Ç+ 0„ò+ D/v- 0Î¥- 06s. 0©. 0:±/ 0^ë/ 0<I0U6…0U>»0U*ù0ù0ù0^ #1w/1431G1V1 mX1˜\\YORK_UNIVERSITY\q_hrts_hp4000tnÒV,,,,ÒV0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,Ô2J+M ÿÿ0_level1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ2( ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 2ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2G+M ÿÿ0_level2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ/%` ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ /ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2D+M ÿÿ0_level3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ,"¸ ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ ,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2A+M ÿÿ0_level4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ) hÀpÈ xÐ )ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>+M ÿÿ0_level5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ&hhÀpÈ xÐ &ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;+M ÿÿ0_level6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ#ÀÀpÈ xÐ #ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó28+M ÿÿ0_level7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓ pÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó25+M ÿÿ0_level8Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓppÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó22+M ÿÿ0_level9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓÈÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2JM ÿÿ0_levsl1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ2( ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 2ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2GM ÿÿ0_levsl2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ/%` ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ /ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2DM ÿÿ0_levsl3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ,"¸ ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ ,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2AM ÿÿ0_levsl4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ) hÀpÈ xÐ )ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>M ÿÿ0_levsl5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ&hhÀpÈ xÐ &ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;M ÿÿ0_levsl6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ#ÀÀpÈ xÐ #ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó28M ÿÿ0_levsl7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓ pÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó25M ÿÿ0_levsl8Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓppÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó22M ÿÿ0_levsl9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓÈÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2JM ÿÿ0_levnl1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ2( ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 2ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2GM ÿÿ0_levnl2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ/%` ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ /ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2DM ÿÿ0_levnl3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ,"¸ ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ ,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2AM ÿÿ0_levnl4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ) hÀpÈ xÐ )ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>M ÿÿ0_levnl5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ&hhÀpÈ xÐ &ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;M ÿÿ0_levnl6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ#ÀÀpÈ xÐ #ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó28M ÿÿ0_levnl7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓ pÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó25M ÿÿ0_levnl8Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓppÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó22M ÿÿ0_levnl9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓÈÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó0ÿÿ.Normal<ÿÿ:Definition T<AAÿÿ:Definition LÓ , ÓÓ5+Ü Ü` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5Ó8ÿÿ6Definitionòòóó(''ÿÿ&H1ò òÔ  ÔÔ‡°°°Ôó óÔ  ÔÔ‡XXXÔ(ÿÿ&H2ò òÔ‡„„„Ôó óÔ‡XXXÔ(ÿÿ&H3ò òÔ‡¼¼¼Ôó óÔ‡XXXÔ(ÿÿ&H4ò òÔ‡XXXÔó óÔ‡XXXÔ(ÿÿ&H5ò òÔ‡ôôôÔó óÔ‡XXXÔ(ÿÿ&H6ò òÔ‡Ôó óÔ‡XXXÔ2ÿÿ0Addressòòóó8MMÿÿ6BlockquoteÓ , ÓÓ , ÓÓ5+Ü Ü` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5Ó,ÿÿ*CITEòòóó,dlÿÿ*CODEÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡?<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡@ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔ4ÿÿ2Emphasisòòóó6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ €€ ÔóóÔ  Ô4goÿÿ2Keyboardò òÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡?<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔó óÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡@ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔ<“›ÿÿ:PreformattedÓ/%° °Ïî ,KkŠ©È %#/ÓÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡?<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡@ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔÓ/%° °Ïî ,KkŠ©È %#/Ó<š®ÿÿ:z©Bottom of Ó7€5(€X7ÓÓ  ÓÔ‡ÔÔ?‡A%ä2¼A`‹Arial?ÔÓ7€6(€X7ÓÓ  ÓÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡@ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔ&ÿÿ  d d4)1dxd'dxd<š®ÿÿ:z©Top of ForÓ7€8(€X7ÓÓ  ÓÔ‡ÔÔ?‡A%ä2¼A`‹Arial?ÔÓ7€6(€X7ÓÓ  ÓÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡@ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔ4)2dxd0KSÿÿ.SampleÔK‡?<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔS‡@ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔ0ÿÿ.Strongò òó ó8dlÿÿ6TypewriterÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡?<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡@ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔ4ÿÿ2Variableòòóó: ÿÿ8HTML MarkupÔB  ÔÔ ÿ ÔÔ  Ô2 ÿÿ0CommentÔB  Ô<þ6X9`(‹Courier Newô\  `‹&Times New Roman%ä2¼A`‹Arial…žg/— £f/001@à©3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ  Óò òCOMMITTEE€AGAINST€TORTUREÐ ° ÐÌÔ‡@Xq†XXXÔÔUSUK.,ÔòòH.€K.€H.€v.€Swedenóó€Ô#†Xq†XX@Xq†{#ÔÔUK.,US.,šÔÐ „Ô ÐÌCommunication€No.€204/2002Ð X¨ ÐÌ19€November€2002Ð , | ÐÌCAT/C/29/D/204/2002Ð  P ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÔUSUK.,ÔÐ ¾  ÐòòÌÌÓÓòòSubmitted€byÓÓóó:€Mr.€H.€K.€H.€(represented€by€counsel)€Ð zÊ  ÐÌòòAlleged€victimÓÓóó:€Mr.€H.€K.€H.€Ð H˜ ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€Sweden€Ð f ÐÌòòDate€of€complaintóó:€26€March€2002€Ð ä4 ÐÌòòDate€of€present€decisionóó:€19€November€2002€Ð ² ÐóóÌÌòòThe€Committee€against€Tortureóó,€established€under€article€17€of€the€Convention€against€Torture€andÐ k» ÐOther€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment,€Ð T¤ ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€19€November€2002,€Ð &v ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€complaint€No.€204/2002,€submitted€to€the€Committee€againstÐ øH ÐTorture€by€Mr.€H.€K.€H.€under€article€22€of€the€Convention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,Ð á 1 ÐInhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment,€Ð Ê!  ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€author€of€the€complaint,€hisÐ œ#ì" Ðcounsel€and€the€State€party,€Ð …$Õ# ÐÌòòAdopts€the€followingÓÓóó:€Ð W&§!% ÐÌÌÓ  Óò òòòDecision€under€article€22,€paragraph€7,€of€the€Conventionó óóóÐ )b$( ÐÓeÓÌÌ1.1€€The€complainant€is€Mr.€H.€K.€H.,€a€citizen€of€Iran,€currently€awaiting€deportation€from€Sweden.Ð Î+'+ ÐHe€claims€that€his€removal€to€Iran€would€constitute€a€violation€by€Sweden€of€article€3€of€theÐ ·,(, ÐConvention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment.€HeÐ  -ð(- Ðis€represented€by€counsel.€Ð ° ÐÌ1.2.€€On€8€April€2002,€the€Committee€forwarded€the€complaint€to€the€State€party€for€comments€andÐ ‚Ò Ðrequested,€under€Rule€108,€paragraph€1€of€the€Committee's€rules€of€procedure,€not€to€return€theÐ k» Ðcomplainant€to€Iran€while€his€petition€was€under€consideration€by€the€Committee.€The€State€partyÐ T¤ Ðacceded€to€this€request.€Ð =  ÐÌò òòòThe€facts€as€submitted€by€the€complainantó óóóÐ  _ ÐÌ2.1€€While€living€in€Iran,€the€complainant€belonged€to€and€worked€for€the€political€organizationÐ â 2  ÐÔ_ÔCherikhajÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔFadaiÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔSchalgÔ_Ô.€The€complainant€alleges€that€he€was€arrested€several€times€between€1983Ð Ë   Ðand€1988€as€a€suspect€for€illegal€political€activities.€In€or€around€September€1989,€he€alleges€that€heÐ ´  Ðaccidentally€killed€a€revolutionary€guard€in€the€following€circumstances.€The€complainant€wasÐ í  Ðhaving€a€relationship€with€a€girl€of€Armenian€origin.€On€taking€a€walk€together€in€a€park€in€centralÐ †Ö  ÐTehran,€they€met€a€group€of€revolutionary€guards.€These€guards€"interfered"€with€the€complainantÐ o¿  Ðand€his€girlfriend€because€she€wore€a€Christian€cross€around€her€neck.€The€guards€threw€acid€at€hisÐ X¨  Ðgirlfriend's€face.€When€one€of€the€guards€threatened€the€complainant€with€a€knife,€the€complainantÐ A‘ Ðmanaged€to€grab€the€knife€and€stab€the€guard.€He€and€his€girlfriend€then€fled.€Ð *z ÐÌ2.2€€After€this€incident,€the€complainant€hid€at€different€places€around€Tehran.€During€this€periodÐ üL Ðin€hiding,€he€was€informed€that€the€guard€had€died€from€his€wounds€and€that€his€girlfriend€hadÐ å5 Ðcommitted€suicide.€He€was€also€informed€that€some€of€his€relatives'€houses€had€been€searched.€OnÐ Î Ð26€October€1989,€the€complainant€succeeded€in€leaving€Iran€illegally€and€arrived€in€Sweden,€whereÐ · Ðhe€applied€for€asylum€to€the€National€Immigration€Board€(now€Migration€Board€and€hereinafterÐ  ð Ðreferred€to€as€such).€On€17€September€1990,€the€Migration€Board€rejected€the€complainant'sÐ ‰Ù Ðapplication€as€he€had€given€contradictory€information€about€his€political€activities.€The€complainantÐ r Ðappealed€his€decision€to€the€Aliens€Appeals€Board€which€rejected€his€application€for€similar€reasonsÐ [« Ðand€refused€to€grant€him€refugee€status.€He€was€later€granted€a€residence€permit€on€the€basis€of€aÐ D” Ðgeneral€amnesty€for€asylum€applicants.€Ð -} ÐÌ2.3€€According€to€the€complainant,€his€mother€was€murdered€in€1996.€In€his€view,€it€is€likely€thatÐ ÿO Ðthe€murder€was€a€consequence€of€his€actions.€One€of€his€brothers,€committed€suicide€in€1996€andÐ è 8 Ðanother€brother€was€killed€in€2000.€His€two€other€brothers€fled€Iran€and€were€granted€asylum€inÐ Ñ!!  ÐCanada.€The€complainant€also€alleges€that€he€received€oral€information€that€he€has€been€sentencedÐ º" ! Ðto€death€in€Iran.€A€representative€of€the€Revolutionary€Guard€had€told€the€complainantððs€motherÐ £#ó" Ðabout€the€verdict€before€her€death.€Ð Œ$Ü# ÐÌ2.4€€In€1994,€the€complainant€was€prosecuted€for€drug€smuggling.€He€was€sentenced€to€10€years'Ð ^&®!% Ðimprisonment€and€ordered€deported,€as€he€was€considered€a€danger€to€the€public.€The€complainantÐ G'—"& Ðfailed€in€his€efforts€to€appeal€his€case€to€the€Appellation€Court€for€Middle€Sweden€and€then€theÐ 0(€#' ÐSupreme€Court.€The€complainant€alleges€that€his€need€for€protection€was€not€considered€through€thisÐ )i$( Ðcourt€procedure.€The€National€Board€of€Corrections€Institutions€reduced€the€complainant's€sentenceÐ *R%) Ðso€that€he€would€be€released€on€8€March€2002.€Ð ë*;&* ÐÌ2.5€€On€10€January€2002,€the€complainant€lodged€an€application€with€the€Government€arguing€thatÐ ½, (, Ðthe€Court's€decision€to€expel€him€from€Sweden€should€be€revoked€as€he€had€the€same€need€ofÐ ¦-ö(- Ðprotection€as€he€had€previously€maintained€in€his€claim€to€the€Migration€Board.€In€addition,€heÐ ° Ðclaimed€that€the€contradictions€in€the€information€he€had€supplied€to€the€Migration€Board€wereÐ ™é Ðrelated€to€the€fact€that€he€was€suffering€from€the€effects€of€torture€which€he€had€suffered€during€hisÐ ‚Ò Ðarrests€and€interrogations€in€Iran.òò1óó/€Although€the€author€provided€information€on€further€documentsÐ k» Ðtaken€into€account€by€the€Government€in€assessing€the€complainant's€case,€this€information€wasÐ T¤ Ðprovided€to€the€author€under€the€Swedish€Secrecy€Act€and,€at€the€complainant's€request,€is€notÐ =  Ðprovided€herein.€Ð & v ÐÌ2.6€€[In€assessing€his€application,€the€Government€requested€the€Migration€Board€and€the€SwedishÐ ø H ÐEmbassy€in€Teheran€to€give€their€views€on€particular€issues.€The€Migration€Board€replied€that€theÐ á 1  Ðcomplainant€had€provided€no€new€information.€According€to€the€complainant,€the€Embassy€providedÐ Ê   Ðthe€following€information:€that€there€is€no€possibility€of€confirming€or€denying€the€possibility€thatÐ ³  Ðthere€are€any€charges€against€the€complainant€in€Iran,€as€the€Revolutionary€Court€refused€toÐ œì  Ðcooperate;€that€the€complainant's€story€about€the€incident€in€the€park€was€likely€as€such€events€wereÐ …Õ  Ðfrequently€reported;€that€the€punishment€for€murdering€a€guard€is€a€capital€sentence;€and€that€it€isÐ n¾  Ðonly€the€victim's€relatives€who€can€pardon€the€convicted.]€(The€complainant€was€provided€with€thisÐ W§  Ðinformation€from€the€Ministry€of€Justice€on€the€condition€that€although€it€may€be€provided€to€theÐ @ ÐCommittee€it€is€subject€to€secrecy€under€the€Swedish€Secrecy€Act.€Counsel€was€requested€to€clarifyÐ )y Ðwhether€this€information€could€be€put€in€the€decision€for€publication.€Counsel€responded€that€heÐ b Ðcould€get€no€clear€answer€from€the€Ministry€of€Justice€and€that€the€Committee€should€make€the€finalÐ ûK Ðdecision€as€to€what€to€do€with€the€information.€The€State€party€has€already€provided€thisÐ ä4 Ðinformation,€although€interpreted€slightly€differently,€but€as€we€have€no€clear€instructions€fromÐ Í Ðcounsel€this€information€should€be€deleted€from€the€final€decision.)€Ð ¶ ÐÌ2.7€€In€a€decision€dated€21€March€2002,€the€Government€decided€that€there€was€no€reasonable€riskÐ ˆØ Ðthat€the€complainant€would€be€subjected€to€torture€if€returned€to€Iran.€On€10€April€2002,€theÐ qÁ Ðcomplainant€was€released€from€custody€by€decision€of€the€Minister€of€Justice,€who€decided€to€stayÐ Zª Ðthe€enforcement€of€the€complainant's€expulsion€until€further€notice.€Ð C“ ÐÌ2.8€€According€to€the€complainant,€the€use€of€torture€is€common€in€Iran.€Police,€the€RevolutionaryÐ e ÐGuard€and€other€Security€Services€frequently€Ô_ÔpractiseÔ_Ô€grave€forms€of€torture,€with€various€methodsÐ þN Ðduring€investigations.€Torture€is€also€used€in€the€prison€system€after€a€verdict.€In€this€regard,€theÐ ç 7 Ðcomplainant€refers€to€reports€from€Ô_ÔUNOHCHRÔ_Ô's€Special€Rapporteur€for€Iran€the€Secretary„ÓÓGeneral'sÐ Ð!   ÐSpecial€Representative€on€Iran,€the€United€States€State€Department's€Country€Reports€on€HumanÐ ¹" ! ÐRights's€report€and€Amnesty€Ô_ÔInternational.sÔ_Ô€report.€Even€the€Ô_ÔTheÔ_Ô€Iranian€Parliament€itself,€he€states,Ð ¢#ò" Ðhas€found€that€torture€and€excess€of€violence€are€used€in€Iranian€prisons.€Ð ‹$Û# ÐÌò òòòThe€complaintó óóóÐ ]&­!% ÐÌ3.1€€The€complainant€claims€that€there€are€substantial€grounds€for€believing€that€he€would€be€inÐ 0(€#' Ðdanger€of€being€subjected€to€torture€on€return€to€Iran€and,€therefore,€Sweden€would€be€violatingÐ )i$( Ðarticle€3€of€the€Convention€if€he€were€returned€there.€The€complainant€acknowledges€that€heÐ *R%) Ðprovided€the€Swedish€authorities€with€contradictory€information€on€his€involvement€in€politicalÐ ë*;&* Ðactivities€but€argues€that€this€was€due€to€the€psychiatric€effects€of€torture.€In€addition,€he€argues€thatÐ Ô+$'+ Ðhe€never€provided€contradictory€information€on€the€incident€surrounding€the€guards€in€the€park€andÐ ½, (, Ðthat€this€is€his€main€argument€for€believing€that€he€will€suffer€torture€if€returned€to€Iran.€He€claimsÐ ¦-ö(- Ðthat€this€makes€him€an€enemy€of€the€State€and€the€punishment€for€such€an€act,€whether€it€isÐ ° Ðaccidental€or€not,€is€capital€punishment.€Ð ™é ÐÌ3.2€€The€complainant€emphasizes€that€he€is€not€claiming€that€the€risk€of€execution€would€amount€toÐ k» Ða€violation€of€article€3,€but€contends€that€because€of€the€nature€of€the€crime€he€would€surely€beÐ T¤ Ðsubjected€to€torture€prior€to€execution,€possibly€with€the€intention€of€extracting€information€fromÐ =  Ðhim€on€his€membership€of€illegal€organizations.€The€complainant€also€claims€that€the€incidentsÐ & v Ðwhich€occurred€in€his€family,€including€the€fact€that€two€of€his€close€relatives€were€murdered€andÐ  _ Ðtwo€of€his€brothers€were€forced€to€seek€asylum€abroad,€corroborate€the€fact€that€the€authorities€wereÐ ø H Ðlooking€for€him€and€as€he€could€not€be€found€took€its€revenge€on€his€family.€Ð á 1  ÐÌ3.3€€The€complainant€claims€that€all€domestic€remedies€have€been€exhausted€and€that€this€complaintÐ ³  Ðhas€not€been€submitted€for€examination€under€any€other€procedure€of€international€investigation€orÐ œì  Ðsettlement.€Ð …Õ  ÐÌò òòòThe€State€party's€submission€on€the€admissibility€and€merits€of€the€complaintó óóó€Ð W§  ÐÌ4.1€€By€letter€of€18€June€2002,€the€State€party€made€its€submission€on€the€admissibility€and€meritsÐ ,| Ðof€the€complaint.€On€admissibility,€the€State€party€contends€that€the€complainant's€claim€that€he€isÐ e Ðat€risk€of€being€tortured,€upon€return€to€Iran,€lacks€the€minimum€substantiation€that€would€renderÐ þN Ðthe€complaint€compatible€with€article€22€of€the€Convention.òò2óó/€Ð ç7 ÐÌ4.2€€On€the€merits,€the€State€party€recalls€that€the€existence€of€a€consistent€pattern€of€gross,€flagrantÐ ¹  Ðor€mass€violations€of€human€rights€in€a€country€does€not€as€such€constitute€sufficient€grounds€forÐ ¢ò Ðdetermining€that€a€person€would€be€in€danger€of€being€subjected€to€torture€upon€his€return€to€thatÐ ‹Û Ðcountry€and€the€individual€must€show€that€he/she€faces€a€foreseeable,€real€and€personal€risk€of€beingÐ tÄ Ðtortured.€The€State€party€argues€that€it€follows€from€these€principles€that€it€rests€primarily€with€theÐ ]­ Ðcomplainant€to€collect€and€present€evidence€in€support€of€his€or€her€account.€Ð F– ÐÌ4.3€€The€State€party€argues€that€several€provisions€of€the€Aliens€Act€reflect€the€same€rights€in€articleÐ h Ð3,€paragraph€1€of€the€Convention.€In€this€context,€it€states€that€the€complainant's€case€has€beenÐ  Q Ðassessed€by€the€Migration€Board€in€1990€and€1994,€by€the€Aliens€Appeal€Board€in€1992€and€by€bothÐ ê : Ðthe€Migration€Board€and€the€Government€in€2002.€Moreover,€the€issue€of€impediments€to€expulsionÐ Ó!#  Ðwas€assessed€by€two€Swedish€courts.€It€argues€that€the€complainant's€claim€before€the€CommitteeÐ ¼" ! Ðthat€the€issue€of€his€protection€was€not€brought€up€during€the€criminal€proceedings€is€untrue.€On€theÐ ¥#õ" Ðissue€of€expulsion,€the€court€took€note€of€the€fact€that€the€complainant€had€been€living€with€aÐ Ž$Þ# ÐSwedish€woman€for€four€years,€with€whom€he€had€Ô_ÔhadÔ_Ô€a€child€born€in€November€1993.€However,Ð w%Ç $ Ðit€found€that€the€crimes€for€which€he€had€been€found€guilty€were€of€the€utmost€severity€as€they€wereÐ `&°!% Ða€danger€both€to€individuals€and€to€society€at€large.€Moreover,€it€found€that€these€crimes€were€on€aÐ I'™"& Ðlarge€scale€and€had€been€in€progress€for€a€relatively€long€time.€In€an€overall€assessment,€the€courtÐ 2(‚#' Ðconcluded€that€there€were€exceptional€grounds€for€the€complainant's€expulsion.€The€District€CourtÐ )k$( Ðalso€based€its€view€on€an€opinion€provided€by€the€Migration€Board€indicating€that€there€were€noÐ *T%) Ðimpediments€to€his€expulsion.€Ð í*=&* ÐÌ4.4€€The€State€party€also€confirms€that€in€examining€whether€the€Government€should€cancel€theÐ ¿,(, Ðexpulsion€order,€it€sought€the€opinion€of€the€Migration€Board€and€the€Swedish€Embassy€in€Tehran.Ð ¨-ø(- ÐThe€Embassy€submitted€two€sets€of€information€but€the€State€party€claims€that€only€one€set€wasÐ ° Ðsubmitted€to€the€Committee€by€the€complainant.€According€to€the€State€party,€the€Embassy€providedÐ ™é Ðthe€following€information.€Its€overall€view€was€that€it€was€unlikely€that€the€complainant€had€beenÐ ‚Ò Ðconvicted€in€absentia.€However,€providing€that€the€claim€to€have€killed€a€revolutionary€guard€wasÐ k» Ðtrue,€he€could€have€been€prosecuted€either€before€one€of€the€Islamic€revolutionary€courts€or€beforeÐ T¤ Ða€public€court.€If€sentenced€before€a€public€court€the€judgement€would€have€been€served€on€him€orÐ =  Ðhis€family.€If€heard€in€a€revolutionary€court€he€would€have€no€proof€that€any€judgement€was€servedÐ & v Ðon€him.€The€prescribed€sentence€for€having€killed€a€guard€in€Iran€is€the€death€penalty.€Although€theÐ  _ Ðrevolutionary€court€would€probably€not€have€considered€the€circumstances€of€his€case€sufficientlyÐ ø H Ðmitigating€to€exclude€such€a€sentence,€if€heard€in€the€public€court€he€could€have€been€successful€withÐ á 1  Ðthe€argument€that€he€acted€in€self„ÓÓÔ_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô.€The€incident€in€the€park€as€described€by€the€complainantÐ Ê   Ðwas€credible€as€similar€incidents€had€been€reported€to€the€Embassy.€The€Embassy€could€make€aÐ ³  Ðformal€request€to€the€Iranian€authorities€on€whether€the€complainant€had€been€convicted€in€absentia,Ð œì  Ðbut€felt€that€this€may€not€lead€anywhere€or€may€involve€a€risk€that€the€complainant€be€consideredÐ …Õ  Ð"guilty€by€association".€Ð n¾  ÐÌ4.5€€The€State€party€contends€that€the€complainant's€account€of€events€contains€a€number€ofÐ @ Ðinconsistencies€and€shortcomings.€Although€the€State€party€is€aware€of€the€Committee's€view€thatÐ )y Ðcomplete€accuracy€seldom€can€be€expected€from€victims€of€torture,€it€considers€that€these€must€beÐ b Ðheld€against€him€in€an€assessment€of€his€credibility.€The€State€party€notes€the€complainant'sÐ ûK Ðargument€that€the€contradictions€in€his€account€of€events€related€to€the€fact€that€he€allegedly€suffersÐ ä4 Ðfrom€the€after„ÓÓeffects€of€torture.€It€notes,€however,€that€the€complainant€did€not€mention€that€he€hadÐ Í Ðbeen€tortured€(or€twice€attempted€to€take€his€life€while€in€prison)€until€his€appeal€to€the€AliensÐ ¶ ÐAppeals€Board.€Thus,€he€did€not€mention€it€either€in€the€interviews€before€the€Migration€Board€orÐ Ÿï Ðin€his€additional€observations€to€the€Migration€Board,€which€were€drafted€with€the€assistance€of€hisÐ ˆØ Ðcounsel.€Ð qÁ ÐÌ4.6€€The€State€party€also€notes€that€at€no€time€during€the€proceedings€did€the€complainant€provideÐ C“ Ðany€details€regarding€the€alleged€torture.€In€the€State€party's€view,€the€one€medical€report€(issued€23Ð ,| ÐMay€1990)€submitted€in€this€case€does€not€afford€any€support€for€the€allegation€that€the€complainantÐ e Ðsuffers€from€post„ÓÓtraumatic€stress€disorder.€Neither€does€it€contain€information€to€the€effect€thatÐ þN Ðduring€the€medical€examination€scars€were€found€on€his€lips€and€in€his€oral€cavities.€The€State€partyÐ ç 7 Ðis€therefore€of€the€opinion€that€the€reference€to€his€alleged€experiences€of€torture€does€not€sufficeÐ Ð!   Ðas€an€explanation€for€the€inconsistencies€of€his€account€of€events.€Ð ¹" ! ÐÌ4.7€€On€the€issue€of€the€complainant's€involvement€in€political€activities,€the€State€party€notes€thatÐ ‹$Û# Ðhe€has€not€submitted€any€evidence€of€these€activities€or€of€his€claim€that€the€Iranian€authorities€wereÐ t%Ä $ Ðaware€of€his€activities.€The€State€party€argues€that€this€lack€of€evidence€should€be€noted€particularlyÐ ]&­!% Ðin€view€of€the€fact€that€during€the€asylum€proceedings€the€complainant€provided€clearly€conflictingÐ F'–"& Ðinformation€regarding€whether€or€not€he€had€been€politically€active€in€Iran.€Furthermore,€heÐ /(#' Ðsubmitted€different€information€regarding€both€the€reasons€for€the€arrests€and€the€length€of€time€ofÐ )h$( Ðthe€arrests€that€were€allegedly€consequences€of€these€activities.€If€the€Committee€decides€to€acceptÐ *Q%) Ðthe€complainant's€statements€on€this€issue,€the€State€party€argues€that€the€complainant€claimed€onlyÐ ê*:&* Ðto€be€a€supporter€and€not€a€member€of€the€organization€Ô_ÔCherikhajÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔFadaiÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔSchalgÔ_Ô€and€his€activitiesÐ Ó+#'+ Ðappear€to€have€been€"low€key"€in€nature€and€extent.€For€these€reasons€he€would€never€have€beenÐ ¼, (, Ðmore€than€a€minor€interest€to€the€Iranian€authorities.€Therefore,€in€the€State€party's€view€it€is€unlikelyÐ ¥-õ(- Ðthat€the€incident€in€the€park€was€prompted€by€the€complainant's€political€background€as€argued€byÐ ° Ðhim€in€his€Migration€Board€application€in€1990.€Ð ™é ÐÌ4.8€€On€the€issue€of€the€complainant's€account€of€the€incident€with€the€guards€in€1989,€the€State€partyÐ k» Ðsubmits€that€the€complainant€altered€his€version€of€events€in€several€important€respects.Ð T¤ ÐInconsistencies€are€to€be€found€in€respect€of€the€time,€place€and€reason€for€the€alleged€attack,€as€wellÐ =  Ðas€the€course€of€events€and€the€consequences€thereof.€In€particular,€the€State€party€highlights€the€newÐ & v Ðfacts,€submitted€in€the€complainant's€application€to€the€Government€on€10€January€2002,€that€hisÐ  _ Ðgirlfriend€was€with€him€at€the€time€of€the€incident€and€that€the€guards€threw€acid€on€her€face.€He€alsoÐ ø H Ðmentioned€in€that€application,€for€the€first€time,€that€he€had€actually€killed€the€guard€with€the€knifeÐ á 1  Ðand€that€his€girlfriend€had€committed€suicide€and€he€admitted€that€he€was€aware€of€these€facts€whenÐ Ê   Ðhe€left€Iran.€Ð ³  ÐÌ4.9€€The€State€party€also€notes€that€new€circumstances€regarding€this€incident,€and€not€mentionedÐ …Õ  Ðpreviously€to€the€Swedish€authorities,€were€submitted€to€the€Committee,€including€the€contentionÐ n¾  Ðthat€the€knife€hit€the€guard's€body€rather€than€his€face,€that€his€girlfriend€was€with€him€at€the€timeÐ W§  Ðof€the€incident€and€that€it€was€she€and€not€the€complainant€who€was€wearing€the€crucifix.€InÐ @ Ðaddition,€the€State€party€submits€that€the€claim€that€the€guard€pushed€the€complainant€into€a€shopÐ )y Ðwindow,€thereby€causing€him€severe€injuries,€appears€for€some€unknown€reason€to€have€beenÐ b Ðwithdrawn€between€the€asylum€proceedings€and€the€proceedings€concerning€expulsion.€Ð ûK ÐÌ4.10€€On€the€issue€of€the€complainant's€departure€from€Iran,€the€State€party€submits€that€theÐ Í Ðcomplainant€modified€his€account€of€events,€firstly€claiming€that€his€father€organized€the€departureÐ ¶ Ðwith€a€smuggler€and€then€that€he€himself€contacted€the€smuggler.€In€addition,€during€his€interviewsÐ Ÿï Ðwith€the€Migration€Board,€on€26€October€1989€and€13€November€1989,€he€said€that€he€left€IranÐ ˆØ Ðthrough€the€Iranian€seaport€of€Bandar„ÓÓE„ÓÓAbbas€and€used€his€military€certificate€and€driver's€licenceÐ qÁ Ðto€identify€himself€during€the€trip€from€Tehran€to€Bandar„ÓÓE„ÓÓAbbas.€However,€later€in€theÐ Zª Ðproceedings€he€claimed€to€have€left€Iran€through€Turkey€and€used€false€documents€to€leave€theÐ C“ Ðcountry.€For€this€reason,€and€the€fact€that€the€complainant€has€provided€no€documentary€proof€toÐ ,| Ðsupport€his€claims€in€relation€to€the€journey,€the€State€party€argues€that€it€cannot€be€excluded€thatÐ e Ðhe€left€Iran€legally.€Considering€that€the€complainant€claims€to€have€been€wanted€by€the€IranianÐ þN Ðauthorities€for€one€month€at€the€date€of€departure,€it€is€questionable€whether€he€would€haveÐ ç 7 Ðsucceeded€in€leaving€the€country€had€he€used€his€certificate€and€driver's€licence.€According€to€theÐ Ð!   ÐState€party,€this€may€explain€why€the€complainant€later€submitted€that€he€used€false€documents€toÐ ¹" ! Ðexit€the€country.€Ð ¢#ò" ÐÌ4.11€€On€the€issue€of€the€death€of€the€complainant's€mother,€the€State€party€submits€that€theÐ t%Ä $ Ðcomplainant€contradicted€himself€firstly€by€stating€that€she€died€at€the€end€of€1990€due€to€heartÐ ]&­!% Ðproblems€and€then€that€she€was€murdered€in€1996€as€a€consequence€of€her€son's€actions.€TheÐ F'–"& Ðcomplainant€has€provided€no€explanation€in€this€regard.€Ð /(#' ÐÌ4.12€€Finally,€the€State€party€submits€that€the€complainant€changed€his€position€with€regard€to€theÐ *Q%) Ðindictment€against€him€in€Sweden.€In€the€District€Court,€he€pleaded€guilty€but€in€the€Court€of€AppealÐ ê*:&* Ðrenounced€the€statement€he€had€made€earlier.€In€the€State€party's€view,€this€gives€reason€to€seriouslyÐ Ó+#'+ Ðcall€into€question€his€claim€that€there€is€a€death€sentence€against€him€in€Iran.€In€this€regard,€the€StateÐ ¼, (, Ðparty€submits€that€there€is€no€indication€that€an€arrest€order€has€been€issued€against€the€complainant.Ð ¥-õ(- ÐIt€also€refers€again€to€the€opinion€of€the€Swedish€Embassy€in€Tehran,€that€it€is€not€likely€that€theÐ ° Ðcomplainant€would€have€been€convicted€and€sentenced€in€absentia,€as€he€has€claimed.€AccordingÐ ™é Ðto€the€State€party,€all€these€contradictions€made€by€the€complainant€raise€serious€doubts€about€theÐ ‚Ò Ðgeneral€veracity€of€his€claim.€Ð k» ÐÌò òòòComments€by€the€complainantó óóóÐ =  ÐÌ5.1€€The€complainant€contests€the€State€party's€argument€that€the€complaint€is€inadmissible€andÐ  ` Ðsubmits€that€the€facts€of€the€case€are€very€different€from€those€to€which€the€Committee€previouslyÐ ù I Ðfound€inadmissible€for€want€of€substantiation.€Ð â 2  ÐÌ5.2€€The€complainant€agrees€that€the€Aliens€Act€reflects€the€rights€protected€in€article€3,€paragraphÐ ´  Ð2€of€the€Convention€but€argues€that€the€issue€is€how€the€State€party€applies€that€law€and€refers€to€theÐ í  Ðfact€that€the€Committee€has€previously€found€violations€against€Sweden€of€article€3€on€nineÐ †Ö  Ðoccasions.€Ð o¿  ÐÌ5.3€€The€complainant€argues€that€the€information€provided€by€the€Migration€Board€to€the€DistrictÐ A‘ ÐCourt€advising€that€there€are€no€impediments€to€the€complainant's€expulsion€to€Iran,€is€a€standardÐ *z Ðresponse€from€the€Migration€Board€when€a€case€has€already€been€rejected€by€the€Migration€BoardÐ c Ðand€Aliens€Appeals€Board.€He€argues€that€the€Migration€Board€in€no€deeper€sense€considered€allÐ üL Ðaspects€of€the€risks€to€which€the€complainant€might€be€exposed€if€returned€to€Iran.€In€fact,€he€arguesÐ å5 Ðthat€in€the€written€judgement€of€the€District€Court€the€expulsion€matters€concerning€the€complainantÐ Î Ðonly€cover€half€a€page€and€deal€only€with€the€complainant's€relationship€with€his€wife€and€daughterÐ · Ðand€finds€that€expulsion€is€necessary€because€of€the€serious€nature€of€the€crime€committed€by€theÐ  ð Ðcomplainant.€Nothing€is€mentioned,€in€the€judgement€concerning€the€risk€to€the€complainant€if€heÐ ‰Ù Ðwere€returned€to€Iran.€He€also€argues€that€the€Court€of€Appeal€judgement€gives€no€indication€thatÐ r Ðit€considered€the€risk€connected€to€his€expulsion.€Ð [« ÐÌ5.4€€On€the€issue€of€the€complainant€having€previously€suffered€torture€in€Iran,€he€argues€that€theÐ -} Ðreason€he€did€not€mention€it€until€relatively€late€in€the€procedure€must€be€seen€in€the€light€of€whatÐ f Ðis€known€of€the€psychological€effect€of€torture€and€should€not€be€used€against€him.€He€argues€that,Ð ÿO Ðin€previous€cases,€the€Committee€found€that€it€would€not€necessarily€expect€a€victim€of€torture€toÐ è 8 Ðdeclare€spontaneously€that€he/she€had€been€subjected€to€such€suffering€and€particularly€that€it€couldÐ Ñ!!  Ðnot€expect€this€type€of€information€to€be€provided€in€a€coherent€and€consistent€manner.€TheÐ º" ! Ðcomplainant€reiterates€that€he€suffers€from€post„ÓÓtraumatic€stress€disorder€and€adds€that€afterÐ £#ó" Ðreceiving€the€Government's€negative€decision€in€March€2002,€he€became€so€desperate€that€he€hadÐ Œ$Ü# Ðto€be€brought€to€a€psychiatric€clinic€for€medical€care.€Ð u%Å $ ÐÌ5.5€€With€respect€to€the€complainant's€political€activities,€he€concedes€that€such€activities€were€"lowÐ G'—"& Ðkey"€but€considered€sufficiently€dangerous€for€the€Iranian€authorities€to€detain€him,€even€if€he€wasÐ 0(€#' Ðsubsequently€released.€He€submits€that€he€worked€for€the€organization€Ô_ÔCherikhajÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔFadaiÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔSchalgÔ_Ô€butÐ )i$( Ðdid€refer€earlier€to€working€for€Ô_ÔMohaheddinÔ_Ô.€According€to€the€complainant,€as€these€organizationsÐ *R%) Ðworked€very€closely€together€the€difference€was€small.€He€submits€that€the€incident€in€the€park€wasÐ ë*;&* Ðlinked€to€his€political€activities,€as€the€guards€had€recognized€the€complainant.€He€argues€that€ifÐ Ô+$'+ Ðreturned€to€Iran€the€authorities€will€review€their€files€and€investigate€the€connection€between€theÐ ½, (, Ðincident€in€the€park€and€his€links€with€political€groups.€The€complainant€admits€that€he€gaveÐ ¦-ö(- Ðdifferent€information€on€where€the€incident€with€the€guards€occurred€but€that€both€locations€wereÐ ° Ðvery€near€to€one€another.€The€complainant€also€admits€that€he€was€unable€to€mention€the€exact€dateÐ ™é Ðof€this€incident€but€that€he€did€inform€the€Swedish€authorities€on€three€occasions€that€it€occurred€inÐ ‚Ò ÐSeptember€1989.€He€also€submits€that€the€information€provided€by€him€on€arrival€in€Sweden€mayÐ k» Ðhave€been€unclear€as€he€just€completed€a€long€and€unsafe€journey€and€experienced€Ô_ÔtraumatizingÔ_ÔÐ T¤ Ðevents.€Ð =  ÐÌ5.6€€With€respect€to€his€girlfriend's€involvement€in€the€incident€in€the€park,€the€complainant€admitsÐ  _ Ðthat€he€didn't€explicitly€mention€that€his€girlfriend€was€with€him€during€the€incident€in€the€park,€butÐ ø H Ðdid€mention€their€relationship.€He€does€recall€mentioning€to€his€lawyer€that€corrosive€acid€had€beenÐ á 1  Ðthrown€at€her€but€he€submits€that€he€could€be€mistaken€on€this€point.€He€claims€that€he€did€notÐ Ê   Ðbecome€aware€that€the€guard€had€died€and€that€his€girlfriend€had€committed€suicide€until€after€theÐ ³  Ðasylum€process€and€therefore€did€not€mention€this€fact€during€the€process.€Furthermore,€theÐ œì  Ðcomplainant€submits€that€he€did€not€mention€that€he€had€been€pushed€into€a€shop€window€by€theÐ …Õ  Ðguards€in€his€application€to€the€Government€but€that€this€does€not€mean€that€his€statementÐ n¾  Ðcontradicted€those€previously€made.€Ð W§  ÐÌ5.7€€On€the€issue€of€the€contradictory€statements€made€by€the€complainant€on€his€departure€fromÐ )y ÐSweden,€the€complainant€confirms€that€he€passed€through€the€Iranian„ÓÓTurkey€border€but€that€he€liedÐ b Ðat€the€outset€as€he€wished€to€protect€the€smuggler.€With€respect€to€the€circumstances€of€his€mother'sÐ ûK Ðdeath,€the€complainant€says€that€the€original€statement€he€made€was€a€misunderstanding€and€that€heÐ ä4 Ðhas€since€provided€information€to€the€Government€proving€that€his€mother€was€assassinated€in€1996.Ð Í ÐThe€complainant€also€submits€that€even€if€it€is€unusual€that€someone€would€be€convicted€to€capitalÐ ¶ Ðpunishment€in€his€absence€it€is€not€impossible.€He€also€states€that€it€is€possible€that,€although€hisÐ Ÿï Ðmother€told€him€that€he€had€been€sentenced€to€capital€punishment€in€his€absence,€she€could€haveÐ ˆØ Ðmisunderstood€the€message€received€from€the€guards.€Ð qÁ Ðò òòòÌIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€Committeeó óóó€Ð D” ÐÌò òConsideration€of€admissibilityó ó€Ð i ÐÌ6.1€€Before€considering€any€claims€contained€in€a€complaint,€the€Committee€against€Torture€mustÐ î > Ðdecide€whether€or€not€it€is€admissible€under€article€22€of€the€Convention.€In€this€respect€theÐ ×!'  ÐCommittee€has€ascertained,€as€it€is€required€to€do€under€article€22,€paragraph€5€(a)€of€theÐ À"! ÐConvention,€that€the€same€matter€has€not€been€and€is€not€being€examined€under€another€procedureÐ ©#ù" Ðof€international€investigation€or€settlement.€The€Committee€also€notes€that€the€exhaustion€ofÐ ’$â# Ðdomestic€remedies€is€not€contested€by€the€State€party.€The€State€party€submits€that€the€complainantÐ {%Ë $ Ðhas€not€substantiated€his€case€for€the€purposes€of€admissibility€but€the€Committee€is€of€the€view€thatÐ d&´!% Ðsufficient€information€has€been€provided€to€consider€this€complaint€on€the€merits.€As€the€CommitteeÐ M'"& Ðsees€no€further€obstacles€to€admissibility,€it€declares€the€complaint€admissible€and€proceeds€to€aÐ 6(†#' Ðconsideration€of€the€merits.€Ð )o$( ÐÌò òConsideration€of€the€meritsó óÐ ñ*A&* ÐÌ6.2€€The€Committee€must€decide€whether€the€forced€return€of€the€complainant€to€Iran€would€violateÐ Ä,(, Ðthe€State€party's€obligation,€under€article€3,€paragraph€1€of€the€Convention,€not€to€expel€or€returnÐ ­-ý(- Ð(Ô_ÔrefoulerÔ_Ô)€an€individual€to€another€State€where€there€are€substantial€grounds€for€believing€that€heÐ ° Ðwould€be€in€danger€of€being€subjected€to€torture.€In€order€to€reach€its€conclusion€the€CommitteeÐ ™é Ðmust€take€into€account€all€relevant€considerations,€including€the€existence€in€the€State€concerned€ofÐ ‚Ò Ða€consistent€pattern€of€gross,€flagrant€or€mass€violations€of€human€rights.€The€aim,€however,€is€toÐ k» Ðdetermine€whether€the€individual€concerned€would€personally€risk€torture€in€the€country€to€whichÐ T¤ Ðhe€or€she€would€return.€It€follows€that,€in€conformity€with€the€Committee's€jurisprudence€and€despiteÐ =  Ðthe€allegations€of€the€complainant€in€regard€to€the€situation€in€Iran€as€per€paragraph€2.8,€theÐ & v Ðexistence€of€a€consistent€pattern€of€gross,€flagrant€or€mass€violations€of€human€rights€in€a€countryÐ  _ Ðdoes€not€as€such€constitute€sufficient€grounds€for€determining€whether€the€particular€person€wouldÐ ø H Ðbe€in€danger€of€being€subjected€to€torture€upon€his€return€to€that€country;€additional€grounds€mustÐ á 1  Ðbe€adduced€to€show€that€the€individual€concerned€would€be€personally€at€risk.€Conversely,€theÐ Ê   Ðabsence€of€a€consistent€pattern€of€gross€violations€of€human€rights€does€not€mean€that€a€personÐ ³  Ðcannot€be€considered€to€be€in€danger€of€being€subjected€to€torture€in€his€or€her€specificÐ œì  Ðcircumstances.€Ð …Õ  ÐÌ6.3€€The€Committee€notes€that€the€main€reason€the€complainant€fears€a€personal€risk€of€torture€ifÐ W§  Ðreturned€to€Iran€is€because€he€allegedly€killed€a€guard€in€a€park€in€Tehran€prior€to€his€departure.€TheÐ @ Ðcomplainant€admits€that€he€provided€inconsistent€information€to€the€State€party€on€his€allegedÐ )y Ðinvolvement€in€political€activities,€which€he€attributes€to€the€effects€of€torture,€but€argues€that€he€wasÐ b Ðnever€inconsistent€in€describing€the€incident€in€the€park.€The€Committee€notes€that€the€complainantÐ ûK Ðhas€provided€a€medical€report€which€indicates€that€he€has€marks€on€his€body,€but€does€not€supportÐ ä4 Ðthe€allegation€that€he€suffers€from€post€traumatic€stress€disorder€resulting€from€being€subjected€toÐ Í Ðtorture.€Indeed,€the€Committee€notes€the€State€party's€argument€that€the€complainant€did€not€mentionÐ ¶ Ðany€instances€of€torture€until€the€appeal€to€the€Aliens€Appeal€Board€and€even€then€provided€noÐ Ÿï Ðdetails€of€the€alleged€torture.€Neither€has€the€complainant€provided€details€of€any€torture€in€hisÐ ˆØ Ðsubmission€to€the€Committee.€Consequently,€the€Committee€finds€it€difficult€to€believe€thatÐ qÁ Ðinconsistencies€in€the€information€provided€to€the€State€party€and€to€the€Committee€resulted€fromÐ Zª Ðthe€effects€of€torture.€In€addition,€and€contrary€to€the€complainant's€claim,€the€Committee€notes€thatÐ C“ Ðthe€complainant€was€inconsistent€in€his€description€of€the€incident€in€the€park€including€his€failureÐ ,| Ðto€mention€his€girlfriend's€presence€until€his€application€to€the€Government€in€2002.€The€CommitteeÐ e Ðalso€observes€that€the€complainant€has€failed€to€sufficiently€explain€many€other€inconsistencies€inÐ þN Ðhis€claim€including€the€circumstances€of€his€mother's€death,€and€his€departure€from€Iran,€which€raiseÐ ç 7 Ðdoubts€with€the€Committee€as€to€his€credibility.€In€light€of€the€foregoing,€and€while€Ô_ÔrecognisingÔ_Ô€theÐ Ð!   Ðongoing€widespread€violations€of€human€rights€in€Iran,€the€Committee€finds€that€the€complainantÐ ¹" ! Ðhas€not€established€that€he€himself€would€face€a€foreseeable,€real€and€personal€risk€of€being€torturedÐ ¢#ò" Ðwithin€the€meaning€of€article€3€of€the€Convention.€Ð ‹$Û# ÐÌ7.€€The€Committee€against€Torture,€acting€under€article€22,€paragraph€7,€of€the€Convention€againstÐ ]&­!% ÐTorture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment,€concludes€that€theÐ F'–"& Ðcomplainant's€removal€to€Iran€by€the€State€party€would€not€constitute€a€breach€of€article€3€of€theÐ /(#' ÐConvention.€Ð )h$( ÐÌò òòòNotesó óóóÐ ê*:&* ÐÌòò1óó/€€The€complainant€provided€a€medical€report,€dated€23€May€1996,€indicating€that€he€had€scars€onÐ ½, (, Ðhis€body€alleged€to€have€been€caused€by€cigarette€burns€and€whipping.€The€complainant€providedÐ ¦-ö(- Ðno€details€of€the€alleged€torture.€Ð ° ÐòòÌ2óó/€€The€State€party€refers€to€the€case€of€òòY.€v.€Switzerlandóó,€case€No.€18/1994,€Views€adopted€on€17Ð ‚Ò ÐNovember€1994.€Ð k» ÐÔUK.,US., Ô