ÿWPC  ykÝÙ‘£þD¢þD  *µÌ¶ ÿTRÎsÎîXu0+t`Í9éœÎ5¥ßG:Îî+!ñàkO w®jœÎs|Ouìig!m¥«:« wîâXÉ‘¢D‹¶vò• ø¹j^dœÞs:“õ%sªTpùvÇÈi+ô’.B^*Aæ ·dÈÕCÜÑé¨TêâZÝ {jÔ ¹ Ú æ–Iv™¢-÷Tæ„lÑ]ò­®·41Ä(öírq†qúní1ÃvϘôŸŽó=ñÊQXã ï² ë—µÀ+#ÉZUN# %q 0:wN± 0U³ 0Ý 0¿å 0¹¤ 0³] 0­ 0§½ 0¡d 0› 0¿  0Ë_ 0­* 0§× 0¡~ 0› 0•º 0O 0‡Þ 0¼e 0È! 0ªé 0¤“ 0ž7 0˜Õ 0’m 0Œÿ 0„‹ 0< 0K 0 cU>ƒ^ ÁwÍ4Ñåô mö˜\\YORK_UNIVERSITY\q_hrts_hp4000tnÒV,,,,ÒV0(@øÐ Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ö\$¡¡ÔCEUS.,Ô*+ ÿÿ(_26Ô2ÔÔ3  Ôà..à*D+D ÿÿ(_25Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÓ ¨ý ÓÓ ° Ó*5+5 ÿÿ(_24Ó  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÓ  Ó*2+2 ÿÿ(_23Ó ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÓ ` Ó*/+/ ÿÿ(_22Ó ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÓ ¸ Ó*,+, ÿÿ(_21Ó  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÓ  Ó*)+) ÿÿ(_20Ó h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓDDœôL¤ÓÓ h Ó*&+& ÿÿ(_19Ó À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓœœôL¤ÓÓ À Ó*#+# ÿÿ(_18Ó  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ ôôL¤ÓÓ  Ó*>> ÿÿ(_17Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ  Ó*DD ÿÿ(_16Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÓ ¨ý ÓÓ ° Ó*55 ÿÿ(_15Ó  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÓ  Ó*22 ÿÿ(_14Ó ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÓ ` Ó*// ÿÿ(_13Ó ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÓ ¸ Ó*,, ÿÿ(_12Ó  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó ììDœôL¤ ÓÓ  Ó*)) ÿÿ(_11Ó h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€ÓDDœôL¤ÓÓ h Ó*&& ÿÿ(_10Ó À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€ÓœœôL¤ÓÓ À Ó(## ÿÿ&_9Ó  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó ôôL¤ÓÓ  Ó(>> ÿÿ&_8Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ  Ó(DD ÿÿ&_7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÓ ¨ý ÓÓ ° Ó(55 ÿÿ&_6Ó  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÓ  Ó(22 ÿÿ&_5Ó ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÓ ` Ó(// ÿÿ&_4Ó ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÓ ¸ Ó(,, ÿÿ&_3Ó  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÓ  Ó()) ÿÿ&_2Ó h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓDDœôL¤ÓÓ h Ó(&& ÿÿ&_1Ó À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓœœôL¤ÓÓ À Ó&## ÿÿ$_Ó  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ ôôL¤ÓÓ  Ó<ÿÿ:Default Para<nnÿÿ:endnote textÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÔ UK ÔÔ‡XXXÔÔ‡ôôôÔÔ US ÔÑ  ÑÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ  Ó<rrÿÿ:endnote refeò òòòÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡$ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔÔ‡ôôôÔÔS‡$ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔó óóóô\  `‹&Times New Romanå}/— ½”u/ers3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒö\!ÝÔCEUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òCOMMITTEE€AGAINST€TORTUREÐ ° ÐÌòòJ.€A.€G.€V.€v.€SwedenóóÐ „Ô ÐÌCommunication€No.€215/2002Ð X¨ ÐÌ11€November€2003Ð , | ÐÌCAT/C/31/D/215/2002*Ð  P ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ ¾  ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€Mr.€J.€A.€G.€V.€(represented€by€counsel)Ð zÊ  ÐÌòòAlleged€victimóó:€Mr.€J.€A.€G.€V.Ð H˜ ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€SwedenÐ f ÐÌòòDate€of€communicationóó:€22€July€2002óóÐ ä4 ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Committee€against€Tortureóó,€established€under€article€17€of€the€Convention€against€Torture€andÐ í ÐOther€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment,Ð †Ö ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€11€November€2003,Ð X¨ ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€communication€No.€215/2002,€submitted€by€Mr.€J.€A.€G.€V.Ð *z Ðunder€article€22€of€the€Convention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€DegradingÐ c ÐTreatment€or€Punishment,€Ð üL ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€complainant€of€the€complaint,Ð Î!  Ðhis€counsel€and€the€State€party,€Ð ·"! ÐÌòòAdopts€the€followingóó:Ð ‰$Ù# ÐÌÌÓEÓòòò òÓ  ÓDecision€under€article€22,€paragraph€7,€of€the€Conventionó óóóÐ D'”"& ÐÓdÓÓÓÌÌ1.1à  àThe€complainant€of€the€complaint€is€J.€A.€G.€V.,€a€Colombian€citizen,€born€in€1962.€€In€hisÐ *P%) Ðcomplaint€dated€22€July€2002€he€claimed€that€his€deportation€to€Colombia€would€constitute€aÐ é*9&* Ðviolation€by€Sweden€of€article€3€of€the€Convention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€orÐ Ò+"'+ ÐDegrading€Treatment€or€Punishment€(henceforth€referred€to€as€"the€Convention").€€He€is€representedÐ », (, Ðby€counsel.Ð ¤-ô(- Ї1.2à  àThe€State€party€ratified€the€Convention€on€8€January€1986,€when€it€also€made€the€declarationÐ ° Ðunder€article€22€of€the€Convention.€€The€Convention€entered€into€force€for€the€State€party€on€26€JuneÐ ™é Ð1987.Ð ‚Ò ÐÌ1.3à  àIn€accordance€with€article€22,€paragraph€3,€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€forwarded€theÐ T¤ Ðcomplaint€to€the€State€party€on€23€July€2002€for€comments€and€requested€it,€under€rule€108,Ð =  Ðparagraph€1,€of€the€Committee's€rules€of€procedure,€not€to€deport€the€complainant€to€Colombia€whileÐ & v Ðthe€complaint€was€under€consideration€by€the€Committee.€€The€Committee€indicated,€however,€thatÐ  _ Ðthis€request€could€be€reviewed€taking€into€account€new€arguments€submitted€by€the€State€party€orÐ ø H Ðon€the€basis€of€guarantees€and€assurances€furnished€by€the€Colombian€authorities.€€The€complainantÐ á 1  Ðwas€deported€to€Colombia€on€23€July€2002.€€In€its€written€submission€dated€30€October€2002,€theÐ Ê   ÐState€party€reported€that€it€had€not€been€in€a€position€to€comply€with€the€Committee's€request,€sinceÐ ³  Ðthe€complainant's€deportation€was€already€taking€place€when€the€request€for€interim€measuresÐ œì  Ðreached€the€Government.Ð …Õ  ÐÌòòThe€facts€as€submitted€to€the€CommitteeóóÐ W§  ÐÌ2.1à  àThe€complainant€asserts€that€he€was€a€member€of€the€Fuerzas€Armadas€Revolucionarias€deÐ )y ÐColombia€(Revolutionary€Armed€Forces€of€Colombia,€FARC)€and€of€the€United€Confederation€ofÐ b ÐWorkers€(CUT).€€He€maintains€that€he€was€arrested€and€tortured€on€several€occasions€during€theÐ ûK Ð1990sòò1óó€by€officers€of€the€Colombian€police€who,€he€alleges,€beat€him,€applied€electric€shocks€to€hisÐ ä4 Ðgenitals€until€he€lost€consciousness€and€placed€plastic€bags€filled€with€water€on€his€head,€coveringÐ Í Ðhis€nose€and€mouth.€€He€asserts€that€he€escaped€from€prison€several€times.Ð ¶ ÐÌ2.2à  àThe€complainant€says€that€he€succeeded€in€leaving€Colombia€on€a€false€passport,€since€heÐ ˆØ Ðwas€wanted€by€the€police,€and€arrived€in€Sweden€under€an€identity€other€than€his€own€on€25€MarchÐ qÁ Ð1998.Ð Zª ÐÌ2.3à  àOn€26€May€1998,€the€complainant€applied€for€a€permanent€residence€permit€in€Sweden€underÐ ,| Ðthe€identity€of€Celimo€Torres€Romero.€€Subsequently,€on€24€July€1998,€he€was€arrested€under€thatÐ e Ðname€as€a€suspect€in€a€drug-trafficking€case.€€His€true€identity€was€revealed€during€the€policeÐ þN Ðinvestigations.Ð ç 7 ÐÌ2.4à  àOn€24€September€1998,€the€Solletuna€District€Court€sentenced€the€complainant€to€six€years'Ð ¹" ! Ðimprisonment€and€expulsion€from€the€territory€of€the€State€party,€after€finding€him€guilty€of€aÐ ¢#ò" Ðdrug-trafficking€offence,òò€2óó€committed€in€Sweden.€€The€complainant€appealed€to€the€Appeal€CourtÐ ‹$Û# Ðof€Svea€which,€in€a€decision€of€26€February€1999,€rejected€his€application.€€He€entered€prison€thatÐ t%Ä $ Ðday€and€on€23€July€2002€was€released€on€parole.Ð ]&­!% ÐÌ2.5à  àOn€13€October€1998,€the€complainant€applied€for€asylum€under€the€identity€of€Jos€ððngelÐ /(#' ÐGrueso€Vargas.€€On€25€March€1999€the€Swedish€Migration€Board€rejected€his€application,€on€theÐ )h$( Ðgrounds€that€he€had€applied€for€asylum€only€after€being€sentenced€to€deportation€from€SwedishÐ *Q%) Ðterritory.€€The€complainant€appealed€to€the€Swedish€Aliens€Appeals€Board,€but€his€appeal€wasÐ ê*:&* Ðrejected€in€a€decision€of€20€November€2000.òò3óó€Ð Ó+#'+ ÐÌ2.6à  àOn€17€July€2002,€the€complainant€lodged€a€complaint€with€the€European€Court€of€HumanÐ ¥-õ(- ÐRights€but€withdrew€it€some€days€later.òò4óó€Ð ° ЀÌòòThe€complaintóóÐ ‚Ò ÐÌ3.1à  àIn€his€initial€submission€the€complainant€argues€that€his€deportation€to€Colombia€wouldÐ T¤ Ðconstitute€a€violation€by€Sweden€of€article€3€of€the€Convention,€since€he€faced€the€risk€of€beingÐ =  Ðsubjected€to€further€torture€in€Colombia.Ð & v ÐÌ3.2à  àThe€complainant€contends€that€the€Swedish€complainantities€had€no€grounds€for€theirÐ ø H Ðdecision€to€refuse€him€asylum,€since€note€was€merely€taken€of€the€fact€that€the€ColombianÐ á 1  ÐGovernment€had€drawn€up€programmes€which€would€protect€Mr.€Grueso€Vargas,€without€taking€intoÐ Ê   Ðaccount€the€fact€that€the€complainant€had€been€tortured€in€Colombia.€€He€further€claims€that€theÐ ³  ÐSwedish€complainantities€based€their€refusal€on€the€lack€of€credibility€that€they€attached€to€hisÐ œì  Ðassertions,€although€he€submitted€medical€certificates€as€evidence€of€torture.Ð …Õ  ÐÌòòState€party's€observations€on€admissibility€and€the€meritsóóÐ W§  ÐÌ4.1à  àIn€its€observations€of€30€October€2002,€the€State€party€asserts€that€the€same€matter€shouldÐ )y Ðbe€considered€as€having€been€submitted€to€another€procedure€of€international€settlement,€since€theÐ b Ðcomplainant€submitted€his€complaint€to€the€European€Court€of€Human€Rights.€€It€adds€that€theÐ ûK Ðcomplainant€decided€to€withdraw€his€case€because€no€interim€measures€were€adopted,€even€thoughÐ ä4 Ðthe€complaint€had€not€yet€been€formally€registered.Ð Í ÐÌ4.2à  àThe€State€party€acknowledges€that€all€domestic€remedies€have€been€exhausted;€itÐ Ÿï Ðnevertheless€maintains€that€the€complaint€should€be€declared€inadmissible€on€the€basis€of€article€22,Ð ˆØ Ðparagraph€5€(b),€of€the€Convention,€since€the€complaint€is€not€sufficiently€substantiated.Ð qÁ ÐÌ4.3à  àShould€the€Committee€declare€the€complaint€to€be€admissible,€the€State€party€asserts€that,Ð C“ Ðas€regards€the€merits€of€the€complaint,€returning€the€complainant€to€Colombia€would€not€constituteÐ ,| Ða€violation€of€article€3€of€the€Convention.€€It€points€out€that,€according€to€the€Committee'sÐ e Ðjurisprudence,€application€of€article€3€of€the€Convention€must€take€account€of€(a)€the€general€humanÐ þN Ðrights€situation€in€the€country,€and€(b)€the€danger€personally€faced€by€the€complainant€of€beingÐ ç 7 Ðsubjected€to€torture€in€the€country€to€which€he€is€returned.Ð Ð!   ÐÌ4.4à  àThe€State€party€points€out€that€it€is€aware€of€the€general€human€rights€situation€in€Colombia,Ð ¢#ò" Ðand€considers€that€it€is€unnecessary€to€expand€on€it;€the€State€party€therefore€restricts€itself€toÐ ‹$Û# Ðconsidering€the€complainant's€personal€risk€of€being€subjected€to€torture€upon€return€to€Colombia.€Ð t%Ä $ ÐIt€affirms€that€the€circumstances€invoked€by€the€complainant€are€not€sufficient€evidence€that€he€runsÐ ]&­!% Ða€foreseeable,€real€and€personal€risk€of€being€tortured€in€Colombia,€and€refers€in€this€connection€toÐ F'–"& Ðthe€Committee's€jurisprudence€on€the€interpretation€of€article€3€of€the€Convention.òò5óó€Ð /(#' ÐÌ4.5à  àThe€State€party€adds€that€the€complainant's€credibility€is€of€vital€importance€in€taking€aÐ *Q%) Ðdecision€on€the€application€for€asylum,€and€that€the€national€authorities€conducting€the€interviewsÐ ê*:&* Ðare€naturally€in€an€excellent€position€to€assess€that€credibility.€€The€State€party€contends€that€theÐ Ó+#'+ Ðcommon€feature€of€the€complainant's€declarations€to€the€Migration€Board€and€to€the€Aliens€AppealsÐ ¼, (, ÐBoard€lies€in€the€doubts€they€raised€as€to€his€credibility.€€It€stresses€that€the€complainant€applied€forÐ ¥-õ(- Ðasylum€several€days€after€the€Sollotuna€District€Court€had€handed€down€a€judgement€against€himÐ ° Ðordering€his€expulsion€from€Swedish€territory,€for€having€committed€a€drug-trafficking€offence.€€ItÐ ™é Ðadds€that€the€complainant€moreover€did€not€give€his€true€identity,€which€was€revealed€later€in€theÐ ‚Ò Ðjudicial€investigations;€and€that€the€result€of€all€of€this€was€that€the€migration€authorities€attachedÐ k» Ðno€credibility€to€the€complainant's€assertions€that€he€risked€being€tortured€if€he€were€deported€toÐ T¤ ÐColombia.Ð =  ÐÌ4.6à  àIn€the€State€party's€view,€it€is€not€logical€for€someone€applying€for€protection€to€put€hisÐ  _ Ðrelations€with€the€new€country€at€risk€by€committing€an€offence;€moreover,€the€offence€wasÐ ø H Ðcommitted€within€three€months€of€his€arrival€in€Sweden.€€The€State€party€adds€that€the€complainantÐ á 1  Ðwas€found€guilty€by€the€judicial€authorities,€that€according€to€the€police€investigations€he€purchasedÐ Ê   Ðthe€cocaine€in€Colombia€before€leaving€the€country,€and€that€his€brother-in-law€carried€the€drug€toÐ ³  ÐSweden.€€In€the€view€of€the€State€party,€the€foregoing€does€not€reflect€the€behaviour€of€a€genuineÐ œì  Ðasylum-seeker.Ð …Õ  ÐÌ4.7à  àThe€State€party€contends€that€the€complainant€has€provided€no€evidence€of€his€allegedÐ W§  Ðpolitical€activities€in€Colombia.€€According€to€the€information€furnished€to€it,€the€complainant€wasÐ @ Ðprosecuted€for€theft€in€Colombia,€while€at€no€time€did€he€give€details€to€the€Swedish€migrationÐ )y Ðauthorities€concerning€the€alleged€acts€of€torture€to€which€he€was€subjected,€nor€the€times€and€placesÐ b Ðof€his€arrests.€€The€State€party€asserts€that€the€medical€reports€were€the€only€evidence€he€submitted,Ð ûK Ðbut€that€they€only€mentioned€the€possibility€that€the€complainant€had€been€the€victim€of€torture.Ð ä4 ÐÌ4.8à  àIn€another€written€submission€dated€8€July€2003,€the€State€party€informs€the€Committee€thatÐ ¶ Ðit€had€received€reports€from€the€Colombian€authorities€informing€it€that€on€his€return€theÐ Ÿï Ðcomplainant€was€briefly€detained€for€the€offence€of€"escaping€from€prison,"€and€that€he€was€alsoÐ ˆØ Ðcited€as€a€suspect€in€the€commission€of€several€other€offences€of€a€non-political€nature.Ð qÁ ÐÌòòComments€by€the€complainant€concerning€the€State€party's€argumentsóóÐ C“ ÐÌ5.1à  àIn€a€written€submission€of€17€April€2003,€the€complainant's€counsel€commented€on€the€StateÐ e Ðparty's€observations.€€He€asserts€that€he€was€unable€to€obtain€pertinent€evidence€of€the€complainant'sÐ þN Ðpolitical€activities€or€of€the€acts€of€torture€to€which€he€was€subjected€in€Colombia.òò6óó€Ð ç 7 ÐÌ5.2à  àThe€complainant€asserts€that€his€wife,€Mrs.€Karin€Berg,€visited€him€after€he€had€beenÐ ¹" ! Ðdeported€and€imprisoned€in€Colombia.€€He€also€submits€a€copy€of€a€written€statement€to€aÐ ¢#ò" ÐColombian€judicial€authority€by€Hector€Mosquera,€who€declared€in€1994€that€he€had€been€subjectedÐ ‹$Û# Ðto€torture.€€His€counsel€asserts€that€this€is€the€same€person€as€the€complainant.òò7óó€Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌ5.3à  àThe€complainant€says€that€he€was€deprived€of€his€freedom€on€arrival€at€Bogota€Airport,€andÐ F'–"& Ðthat€on€30€July€1999,€while€he€was€in€Sweden,€he€was€sentenced€by€the€Third€Criminal€Circuit€CourtÐ /(#' Ðof€Cartago€to€eight€months'€imprisonment€for€the€offence€of€"escaping€from€prison,"€this€beingÐ )h$( Ðevidence€that€he€was€persecuted.€€He€adds€that€he€had€travelled€under€another€identity€because€heÐ *Q%) Ðwas€afraid€of€being€arrested€by€the€Colombian€authorities,€and€that€he€did€not€commit€the€offenceÐ ê*:&* Ðfor€which€he€was€tried€and€sentenced€in€Sweden.Ð Ó+#'+ ЀÌ5.4à  àThe€complainant€says€that€in€accordance€with€Swedish€legislation,€if€an€internationalÐ ¥-õ(- Ðorganization€makes€a€request€for€interim€measures,€the€execution€of€the€measure€of€expulsion€mustÐ ° Ðbe€halted.€€He€adds€that€his€counsel€alerted€the€State€party's€authorities€to€the€interim€measures€heÐ ™é Ðhad€requested€from€the€Committee,€and€that€the€expulsion€procedure€is€only€concluded€when€theÐ ‚Ò Ðalien€is€accepted€by€the€authorities€of€the€country€to€which€he€is€sent;€consequently,€the€expulsionÐ k» Ðcould€have€been€suspended€when€he€stopped€over€in€Madrid.Ð T¤ ÐÌ5.5à  àThe€complainant€contends€that€when€he€was€deported€he€was€exposed€to€a€real€and€personalÐ & v Ðrisk€of€torture€in€Colombia,€and€the€fact€that€this€did€not€take€place€is€due€to€the€circumstances€ofÐ  _ Ðthe€case,€such€as€the€considerable€assistance€he€received€and€the€measures€taken€internationally€toÐ ø H Ðdraw€the€State€party's€attention€to€the€case;òò€8óó€as€a€result€he€was€released€within€a€relatively€briefÐ á 1  Ðperiod,€but€the€risk€still€exists€and€the€possibility€that€he€may€still€be€prosecuted€should€not€be€ruledÐ Ê   Ðout.€€He€maintains€that€he€currently€fears€that€paramilitary€groups€could€capture€and€torture€orÐ ³  Ðmurder€him.Ð œì  ÐÌòòIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€CommitteeóóÐ n¾  ÐÌ6.1à  àBefore€considering€any€claims€contained€in€a€complaint,€the€Committee€against€Torture€mustÐ @ Ðdecide€whether€or€not€it€is€admissible€under€article€22€of€the€Convention.€€In€this€respect€theÐ )y ÐCommittee€notes€the€State€party's€assertion€that€the€complainant's€complaint€should€be€declaredÐ b Ðinadmissible,€since€it€has€already€been€submitted€to€the€European€Court€of€Human€Rights.€€TheÐ ûK ÐCommittee€notes€here€that€the€complaint€was€withdrawn€before€it€was€examined€by€that€body.€Ð ä4 ÐConsequently,€the€Committee€considers€that€article€22,€paragraph€5€(a),€of€the€Convention€is€not€anÐ Í Ðobstacle€to€examination€of€the€complaint.Ð ¶ ÐÌ6.2à  àThe€Committee€also€observes€that€the€State€party€acknowledges€that€domestic€remedies€haveÐ ˆØ Ðbeen€exhausted;€consequently,€it€sees€no€further€obstacles€to€the€admissibility€of€the€complaint.€ItÐ qÁ Ðtherefore€declares€the€complaint€admissible€and€proceeds€to€consideration€of€the€merits.Ð Zª ÐÌ7.1à  àThe€Committee€has€considered€the€complaint€in€the€light€of€all€the€information€madeÐ ,| Ðavailable€to€it€by€the€parties,€in€accordance€with€article€22,€paragraph€4,€of€the€Convention.Ð e ÐÌ7.2à  àThe€Committee€must€decide€whether€the€deportation€of€the€complainant€to€ColombiaÐ ç 7 Ðconstituted€a€violation€of€the€State€party's€obligation€under€article€3€of€the€Convention€not€to€expelÐ Ð!   Ðor€return€an€individual€to€another€State€where€there€are€substantial€grounds€for€believing€that€heÐ ¹" ! Ðwould€be€in€danger€of€being€subjected€to€torture.Ð ¢#ò" ÐÌ7.3à  àThe€Committee€must€assess€whether€there€are€grounds€to€believe€that€the€complainant€of€theÐ t%Ä $ Ðcomplaint€would€be€in€personal€danger€of€being€subjected€to€torture€on€returning€to€Colombia.€€InÐ ]&­!% Ðorder€to€reach€this€conclusion,€the€Committee€must€take€into€account€all€relevant€considerations€inÐ F'–"& Ðaccordance€with€article€3,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Convention,€including€the€existence€of€a€consistentÐ /(#' Ðpattern€of€gross,€flagrant€or€mass€violations€of€human€rights.€€The€Committee€recalls,€however,€thatÐ )h$( Ðthe€aim€is€to€determine€whether€the€individual€concerned€would€personally€risk€torture€in€the€countryÐ *Q%) Ðto€which€he€or€she€would€return.€€It€follows€that€the€existence€of€a€consistent€pattern€of€gross,Ð ê*:&* Ðflagrant€or€mass€violations€of€human€rights€in€a€country€does€not€as€such€constitute€sufficientÐ Ó+#'+ Ðgrounds€for€determining€whether€the€particular€person€would€be€in€danger€of€being€subjected€toÐ ¼, (, Ðtorture€upon€his€return€to€that€country;€additional€grounds€must€be€adduced€to€show€that€theÐ ¥-õ(- Ðindividual€concerned€would€be€personally€at€risk.€€Conversely,€the€absence€of€a€consistent€patternÐ ° Ðof€gross€violations€of€human€rights€does€not€mean€that€a€person€may€not€be€considered€to€be€inÐ ™é Ðdanger€of€being€subjected€to€torture€in€his€or€her€specific€circumstances.Ð ‚Ò ÐÌ7.4à  àIn€the€present€case,€the€Committee€notes€the€observations€of€the€State€party€to€the€effect€thatÐ T¤ Ðthe€complainant€did€not€produce€evidence€of€having€been€involved€in€political€activities€inÐ =  ÐColombia,€and€that€he€did€not€run€a€real€and€personal€risk€of€being€subjected€to€torture,€since€it€hadÐ & v Ðalso€received€information€from€the€Colombian€authorities€reporting€that€the€complainant€had€beenÐ  _ Ðbriefly€detained,€and€notes€that€there€is€no€evidence€that€he€was€tortured€subsequent€to€his€return€toÐ ø H ÐColombia.€€The€Committee€further€observes€that€his€counsel€reports€that€the€complainant€is€currentlyÐ á 1  Ðon€parole.Ð Ê   ÐÌ7.5à  àThe€Committee€moreover€notes€the€circumstances€which€gave€rise€to€doubts€on€the€part€ofÐ œì  Ðthe€State€party's€authorities€concerning€the€need€to€grant€the€complainant€protection.€€It€is€aware€thatÐ …Õ  Ðthe€complainant€has€not€adduced€sufficient€evidence€to€prove€that€he€was€subjected€to€torture€inÐ n¾  ÐColombia.òò€9óó€€Bearing€in€mind€the€foregoing,€the€Committee€considers€that€the€information€providedÐ W§  Ðby€the€complainant€does€not€provide€substantial€grounds€for€believing€that€he€was€personally€inÐ @ Ðdanger€of€being€tortured€when€returned€to€Colombia.Ð )y ÐÌ8.à  àThe€Committee€against€Torture,€acting€under€article€22,€paragraph€7,€of€the€ConventionÐ ûK Ðagainst€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment,€considers€thatÐ ä4 Ðthe€complainant€of€the€complaint€has€not€substantiated€his€claim€that€he€would€be€subjected€toÐ Í Ðtorture€upon€his€return€to€Colombia,€and€therefore€concludes€that€the€complainant's€removal€to€thatÐ ¶ Ðcountry€did€not€constitute€a€breach€by€the€State€party€of€article€3€of€the€Convention.Ð Ÿï ÐÌÌ[Done€in€English,€French,€Russian€and€Spanish,€the€Spanish€text€being€the€original€version.€Ð Zª ÐSubsequently€to€be€issued€also€in€Arabic€and€Chinese€as€part€of€the€Committee's€annual€report€to€theÐ C“ ÐGeneral€Assembly.]Ð ,| ÐÌ*€€Made€public€by€decision€of€the€Committee€against€TortureÐ þN ÐÌÌòòNotesóóÐ ¹" ! ÐÌ1.€€The€complainant€does€not€indicate€in€his€initial€communication€or€in€his€subsequent€commentsÐ ‹$Û# Ðwhen€or€where€these€acts€of€torture€allegedly€took€place.Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌ2.€€The€offence€involved€smuggling€a€kilo€of€cocaine€from€Colombia€to€Sweden€with€the€intentionÐ F'–"& Ðof€selling€it€in€the€territory€of€the€State€party.Ð /(#' ÐÌ3.€€The€Swedish€Aliens€Appeals€Board€further€considered€that€the€complainant€had€entered€SwedishÐ *Q%) Ðterritory€under€a€false€identity,€and€that€under€that€identity€he€had€applied€in€1998€for€a€work€permit,Ð ê*:&* Ðclaiming€that€he€was€involved€with€a€Swedish€woman,€although€he€was€married€and€had€a€familyÐ Ó+#'+ Ðin€Colombia.€€In€the€Board's€opinion,€all€of€this€seriously€undermined€his€credibility€when€it€cameÐ ¼, (, Ðto€requiring€the€protection€of€the€State€party.Ð ¥-õ(- Ї4.€€No€date€is€specified.Ð ° ÐÌ5.€€òòS.M.R.€and€M.M.R.€v.€Swedenóó,€Communication€No.€103/1998,€Decision€of€the€Committee€againstÐ ‚Ò ÐTorture€under€article€22€of€the€Convention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€DegradingÐ k» ÐTreatment€or€Punishment,€adopted€on€5€May€1999,€paras.€9.7€and€9.4;€òòS.L.€v.€Swedenóó,Ð T¤ ÐCommunication€No.€150/1999,€Decision€of€the€Committee€against€Torture€under€article€22€of€theÐ =  ÐConvention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment,Ð & v Ðadopted€on€11€May€2001,€para.€6.4.Ð  _ ÐÌ6.€€The€complainant's€counsel€suggests€at€the€end€of€his€submission€that€the€complaint€could€beÐ á 1  Ðsupplemented€by€further€information,€but€has€sent€no€more€material€since€that€date.Ð Ê   ÐÌ7.€€[The€complainant€has€submitted€a€copy€of€a€"wanted"€announcement€issued€by€the€authoritiesÐ œì  Ðof€a€prison€in€Colombia,€but€the€secretariat€has€doubts€as€to€its€veracity.]Ð …Õ  ÐÌ8.€€On€24€July€2002,€the€Special€Rapporteur€on€torture€urgently€called€the€complainant's€case€to€theÐ W§  Ðattention€of€the€Colombian€Government.Ð @ ÐÌ9.€€[Note:€€medical€certificates€only.]Ð b ÐÓÔÓ