ÿWPC…3 à h,pÕ^qž“à˜Ø¢Žß‹;¹ . ÐcÕQqqS>ƒæŒwdû"¬ÛU2ÏHreO/G.©U¶å î#-ö£7£B‚ߨ ^$œ‚w|Ì|åŽ9\²'ˆN™b<'õ¸èýíÝ©KÅ„з·‚ßjZ;™öÁúêfš×Q•5szU Ñ–5ÕÔ´¯õŠÏ/OŸ´òXÁ 0ß8c5¤±ëQ"ûþ€£‚rè¸NU´¹‰2ûç>Úùº³ÆtþdÊÓõH‘*ŽÕ¹L¡gF8ÎÒy–g‘wTÏÉâ@]}‹ÓÇ·ºÙ¯™‰’` Äc8òƒ½"m® žÀ>vQIJX`/?ÅWF²z]Š @å©qNvŠÝZ Ãm<½å´*…½(÷:z'¶Õ^cˆS]{(Q®n0°Ór±VïC8¨ãz£€²·¥¨[¢À®s_f¬¬coý…;”Œ§ cäMe|`øå6h^ÃX]œj§¯ ˜-V²ö&öRXµzË¿iòÜSצ³ýó™k¨›†Uå²±ð ßÜÞà•*·Våvaœï¸ÝqÎ÷¼”êUP§M#É6UNÿ %M 0:S 0U 0ãâ 0ÅÅ 0¿Š 0¹I 0³ 0­µ 0§b 0¡  0Ū 0Ño 0³@ 0­ó 0§  0¡G 0›è 0•ƒ 0 0Â¥ 0Îg 0°5 0ªå 0¤ 0ž3 0˜Ñ 0’i 0Šû 0²… 0¾7 0¾õ 0>³ 0øñ 0âé 0âË 0â­ 0â! 0âq" 0ºS# 0Ò $ 02ß$ 0ü% 0: & 0YG& 0_ & 0 ÿ& 0‚ ( 0‹) B*‘+ D/»+ D+ê+ 0,U6. 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Ðcommunication,€and€the€State€party,€Ð ·"! ÐÌòòAdopts€the€followingóó:€Ð ‰$Ù# ÐÓÓÌÌÓ  Óòòò òViews€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóóÐ D'”"& ÐÓWÓÓ  ÓÌÌ1.1€The€author€of€the€communication€is€Mrs.€Ô_ÔSafarmoÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔKurbanovaÔ_Ô,€a€Tajik€citizen€born€in€1929.€SheÐ *P%) Ðsubmits€the€communication€on€behalf€of€her€son€-€Ô_ÔAbdualiÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔIsmatovichÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔKurbanovÔ_Ô,€also€Tajik€citizen,Ð é*9&* Ðborn€in€1960€and€sentenced€to€death€on€2€November€2001€by€the€Military€Chamber€of€the€SupremeÐ Ò+"'+ ÐCourt€of€Tajikistan.€He€is€at€present€awaiting€execution€in€the€Detention€Centre€No.€1€in€Dushanbe.Ð », (, ÐThe€author€claims€that€her€son€is€a€victim€of€violations€by€Tajikistanòò€1óó€of€articles€6,€7,€9€and€10,€asÐ ¤-ô(- ÐÔ_Ôwell€as€paragraphs€1,€3€(a)€and€(g),€and€5€of€article€14€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€andÐ ° ÐPolitical€Rights.€The€communication€also€appears€to€raise€issues€under€article€14,€paragraph€3€(d),Ð ™é Ðof€the€Covenant,€although€this€provision€is€not€directly€invoked.€The€author€is€not€represented€byÐ ‚Ò Ðcounsel.€Ð k» ÐÌ1.2€On€16€July€2002,€in€accordance€with€rule€86€of€its€rules€of€procedure,€the€Human€RightsÐ =  ÐCommittee,€acting€through€its€Special€Rapporteur€for€New€Communications,€requested€the€StateÐ & v Ðparty€not€to€carry€out€the€death€sentence€of€Mr.€Kurbanov€while€his€case€is€pending€before€theÐ  _ ÐCommittee.€No€reply€has€been€received€from€the€State€party€in€this€regard.€Ð ø H ÐÌòòThe€facts€as€presented€by€the€authoróóÐ Ê   ÐÌ2.1€According€to€the€author,€Mr.€Kurbanov€went€to€the€police€on€5€May€2001€to€testify€as€a€witness.Ð œì  ÐHe€was€detained€for€seven€days€in€the€building€of€the€Criminal€Investigation€Department€of€theÐ …Õ  ÐMinistry€of€the€Interior,€where€according€to€the€author€he€was€tortured.€Only€on€12€May€2001,€aÐ n¾  Ðformal€criminal€charge€of€fraud€was€made€against€him,€an€arrest€warrant€was€issued€for€him,€and€heÐ W§  Ðwas€transferred€to€an€investigation€detention€centre.€He€was€forced€to€sign€a€declaration€that€heÐ @ Ðrenounced€the€assistance€of€a€lawyer.€Ð )y ÐÌ2.2€On€9€June€2001,€a€criminal€investigation€was€opened€in€relation€to€the€triple€murder€of€Firuz€andÐ ûK ÐFayz€Ashurov€and€D.€Ortikov,€which€had€occurred€in€Dushanbe€on€29€April€2001.€In€addition€to€theÐ ä4 Ðinitial€fraud€charge,€the€author's€son€was,€on€30€July€2001,€charged€with€the€murders€and€with€illegalÐ Í Ðpossession€of€firearms€òò2óó.€The€author€claims€that€her€son€was€tortured€before€he€accepted€to€writeÐ ¶ Ðdown€his€confession€under€duress;€during€her€visits,€she€noted€scars€on€her€son's€neck€and€head,€andÐ Ÿï Ðas€well€as€broken€ribs.€She€adds€that€one€of€the€torturers€ð!ð€investigation€officer€Rakhimov€ð!ð€wasÐ ˆØ Ðcharged€in€August€2001€with€having€received€bribes€and€with€abuse€of€power€in€13€other€cases€alsoÐ qÁ Ðrelated€to€the€use€of€torture;€he€was€later€sentenced€to€5€years€and€six€months€of€imprisonment.€Ð Zª ÐÌ2.3€The€investigation€was€concluded€on€4€August€2001,€and€the€case€was€sent€to€court.€On€2Ð ,| ÐNovember€2001,€the€Military€Chamber€of€the€Supreme€Court€sentenced€the€author's€son€to€deathÐ e Ð(with€confiscation€of€his€property).€On€18€December€2001€the€judgment€was€confirmed€by€theÐ þN ÐSupreme€Court,€following€extraordinary€appeal€proceedings.€Ð ç 7 ÐÌ2.4€The€judgment€of€2€November€2001€by€the€Military€Chamber€of€the€Supreme€Court€wasÐ ¹" ! Ðsubmitted€to€the€Committee€by€the€author€in€Tajik;€an€unofficial€English€translation€was€providedÐ ¢#ò" Ðsubsequently.€The€judgment€includes€neither€an€account€of€the€prosecution's€case€nor€a€transcriptÐ ‹$Û# Ðof€the€actual€trial.€It€begins€with€a€description€of€the€facts€as€established€by€the€court,€then€movesÐ t%Ä $ Ðto€the€testimonies€of€the€three€accused€persons€and€some€witnesses,€and€finally€addresses€the€issuesÐ ]&­!% Ðof€the€conviction€and€sentencing.€It€does€not€transpire€from€this€judgment€how€the€Military€ChamberÐ F'–"& Ðof€the€Supreme€Court€was€constituted,€e.g.€whether€one€or€more€of€its€judges€were€military€officers.Ð /(#' ÐHowever,€it€transpires€that€Mr.€Kurbanov€was€tried€together€with€one€Mr.€Ismoil€and€Mr.Ð )h$( ÐNazmudinov,€who€was€a€major€in€the€service€of€the€Ministry€of€National€Security.€According€to€theÐ *Q%) Ðfacts€established€by€the€court,€Mr.€Kurbanov€killed,€on€29€April€2001€three€persons€in€the€car€of€oneÐ ê*:&* Ðof€the€victims,€using€an€unregistered€pistol.€Later,€he€hid€the€bodies€by€burying€them€in€theÐ Ó+#'+ Ðimmediate€vicinity€of€his€garage€and€left€the€pistol€with€Mr.€Ismoil,€after€telling€him€that€he€hadÐ ¼, (, Ðkilled€three€persons.€On€8€May€2001,€Mr.€Ismoil€delivered€the€pistol€to€Mr.€Nazmedinov€who€in€turnÐ ¥-õ(- Ðfailed€to€deliver€it€to€the€authorities.€Instead,€the€gun€was€found€on€12€June€2001€in€Mr.Ð ° ÐNazmedinov's€apartment.€Ð ™é ÐÌ2.5€According€to€the€same€judgment,€Mr.€Kurbanov€confessed€to€the€killings€and€admitted€toÐ k» Ðburying€his€own€clothes€and€the€car's€licence€plate€together€with€the€bodies.€Neither€the€twoÐ T¤ Ðco-accused€nor€any€of€the€witnesses€heard€by€the€court€testified€they€had€seen€Kurbanov€commit€theÐ =  Ðkillings.€One€witness,€Mr.€Hamid,€testified€that€he€learned€on€5€May€2001€that€Kurbanov€had€beenÐ & v Ðdetained€for€fraud€and€that€he€had€later€on€directed€the€investigators€to€the€site€where€Kurbanov€wasÐ  _ Ðbuilding€a€garage.€The€judgment€refers€to€Hamid€saying€that€"he€was€present€when€the€three€bodiesÐ ø H Ðof€the€dead€were€dug€out€from€the€pit€of€the€garage€and€found€out€that€the€murderer€was€Kurbanov."Ð á 1  ÐAnother€witness,€Mr.€Mizrobov,€testified€that€he€was€present€on€5€May€2001€when€Kurbanov€wasÐ Ê   Ðtaken€to€the€authorities.€He€was€also€present€on€8€or€9€June€2001€when€the€bodies€of€the€threeÐ ³  Ðvictims,€"Kurbanov's€clothes"€and€the€car€license€plate€were€found.€The€judgment€mentions€thatÐ œì  Ðthere€was€ballistic€evidence€linking€the€pistol€found€on€12€June€2001€in€Mr.€Nazmedinov's€apartmentÐ …Õ  Ðto€the€crime.€However,€no€forensic€evidence€linking€Mr.€Kurbanov€to€the€clothes€found€with€theÐ n¾  Ðbodies€is€mentioned,€and€only€the€confessions€of€the€three€co-defendants€linked€Mr.€Kurbanov€toÐ W§  Ðthe€gun.€Ð @ ÐÌ2.6€At€the€end€of€the€trial,€Mr.€Kurbanov€was€sentenced€to€death€and€confiscation€of€his€property,Ð b Ðwhereas€Mr.€Ismoil€and€Mr.€Nazmedinov€were€both€sentenced€to€four€years'€imprisonment,€onÐ ûK Ðaccount€of€their€involvement€with€the€crime€weapon,€and€then€immediately€pardoned€and€releasedÐ ä4 Ðby€the€same€court.€Ð Í ÐÌòòThe€claimóóÐ Ÿï ÐÌ3.1€The€author€claims€that€her€son€was€detained€for€seven€days€without€arrest€warrant.€During€thisÐ qÁ Ðtime,€he€was€unable€to€see€his€family€or€a€lawyer.€The€fact€that€her€son€was€illegally€arrested€andÐ Zª Ðdetained€for€one€week€without€being€promptly€informed€of€the€charges€against€him,€constitutes,Ð C“ Ðaccording€to€the€author,€a€violation€of€article€9,€paragraphs€1€and€2,€of€the€Covenant.€Ð ,| ÐÌ3.2€Article€7€and€article€14,€paragraph€3€(g),€of€the€Covenant€are€said€to€be€violated€as€Mr.€KurbanovÐ þN Ðallegedly€was€subjected€to€torture€and€beatings€by€means€of€kicks€and€with€batons,€strangulation,Ð ç 7 Ðtorture€with€electricity€during€the€investigation,€to€make€him€confess.€During€a€pre-trialÐ Ð!   Ðcross-examination€with€the€father€of€one€of€the€murder€victims€ð!ð€Mr.€Ortikov€ð!ð€the€author's€son€wasÐ ¹" ! Ðbeaten€by€the€father€in€presence€of€the€investigators.€Ð ¢#ò" ÐÌ3.3€The€author€contends€that€article€14,€paragraph€1,€of€the€Covenant€was€violated,€as€the€courtÐ t%Ä $ Ðproceedings€were€partial.€She€alleges€that€the€court€proceedings€were€unfair€from€the€beginning,€asÐ ]&­!% Ðthe€families€of€the€victims€exercised€pressure€on€the€judges.€All€requests€of€the€defence€wereÐ F'–"& Ðrejected.€Ð /(#' ÐÌ3.4€The€author€claims€that€when€her€son€was€charged€with€murder,€she€requested,€due€to€herÐ *Q%) Ðfinancial€situation,€a€lawyer€be€assigned€to€him€ex€officio,€but€she€was€informed€that€the€lawÐ ê*:&* Ðprovided€no€such€possibility.€Ð Ó+#'+ ÐÌ3.5€The€author€also€claims€that€according€to€the€case€file,€a€lawyer€assisted€her€son€as€of€20€JuneÐ ¥-õ(- Ð2001,€but€in€fact€she€hired€a€lawyer€for€her€son€only€in€July€2001.€She€adds€that€the€lawyer€visitedÐ ° Ðher€son€only€two€or€three€times€during€the€investigation,€and€this€was€always€in€the€presence€of€anÐ ™é Ðinvestigator.€After€the€judgment,€her€son€was€unable€to€see€the€lawyer€and€benefit€from€hisÐ ‚Ò Ðassistance.€According€to€the€author,€the€lawyer€failed€to€appeal€for€cassation.€Her€son€had€noÐ k» Ðopportunity€to€consult€the€court's€judgment,€as€no€interpreter€was€provided€to€him.€Mr.€KurbanovÐ T¤ Ðprepared€a€cassation€appeal€himself,€but€this€was€denied,€because€the€deadline€for€filing€the€appealÐ =  Ðhad€passed.€The€author's€own€cassation€appeal€was€denied€on€the€ground€that€she€was€not€a€partyÐ & v Ðto€the€criminal€case.€The€extraordinary€appeal€proceedings€which€her€son€availed€himself€of€withÐ  _ Ðthe€assistance€of€his€lawyer€were€unsuccessful;€they€do€not,€according€to€author,€provide€an€effectiveÐ ø H Ðmeans€of€judicial€protection.€Article€14,€paragraph€5,€of€the€Covenant€allegedly€was€violated€becauseÐ á 1  Ðthe€author's€son€was€deprived€of€his€right€to€appeal.€Ð Ê   ÐÌ3.6€During€the€investigation,€the€author's€son€was€not€assisted€by€an€interpreter,€nor€was€he€offeredÐ œì  Ða€qualified€interpreter€during€the€trial,€despite€the€fact€that€he€is€a€Russian€speaker€and€some€of€theÐ …Õ  Ðcourt€documents€were€in€Tajik.€This€is€said€to€be€in€violation€of€article€14,€paragraph€3€(f),€of€theÐ n¾  ÐCovenant.€Ð W§  ÐÌ3.7€The€author's€son€is€said€to€be€detained€in€inhuman€conditions.€The€cells€have€no€water;€toiletsÐ )y Ðare€in€a€corner€of€the€cells,€but€they€cannot€be€used€because€of€the€lack€of€water.€In€winter,€the€cellsÐ b Ðare€very€cold,€and€in€summer€extremely€hot.€Air€circulation€is€limited€because€of€the€tiny€size€of€theÐ ûK Ðcells€and€of€the€windows.€They€are€infested€with€insects€because€of€the€lack€of€hygiene.€PrisonersÐ ä4 Ðare€allowed€to€leave€their€cell€for€a€walk€only€for€half€an€hour€per€day.€These€conditions€are€said€toÐ Í Ðamount€to€a€violation€of€article€10,€of€the€Covenant.€Ð ¶ ÐÌ3.8€Finally,€the€author€claims€that€her€son's€right€to€life€protected€by€article€6,€paragraphs€1€and€2,Ð ˆØ Ðwas€violated,€because€the€violations€of€article€14€resulted€in€an€illegal€and€unfair€death€sentence,Ð qÁ Ðwhich€was€pronounced€by€an€incompetent€tribunal.€Ð Zª ÐÌòòState€party's€submissions€on€the€admissibility€and€meritsóóÐ ,| ÐÌ4.1€By€Note€verbale€of€16€September€2002,€the€State€party€observes€that€pursuant€to€informationÐ þN Ðfrom€the€Governmental€Commission€on€implementation€of€the€international€obligations€of€TajikistanÐ ç 7 Ðin€the€field€of€human€rights,€Mr.€Kurbanov€was€sentenced€to€death€by€the€Military€Chamber€of€theÐ Ð!   ÐSupreme€Court€on€2€November€2001.€The€criminal€proceedings€against€the€author's€son€wereÐ ¹" ! Ðinitiated€on€12€May€2001.€He€was€ordered€arrested€on€the€same€day,€and€he€signed€a€writtenÐ ¢#ò" Ðstatement€that€he€did€not€need€legal€representation€during€the€preliminary€investigation.€Ð ‹$Û# ÐÌ4.2€The€State€party€contends€that€on€29€April€2001,€Mr.€Kurbanov€killed€three€persons,€and€that€onÐ ]&­!% Ð9€June€2001€a€criminal€investigationwas€opened€in€this€regard.€The€Sate€party€points€out€that€Mr.Ð F'–"& ÐKurbanov€provided€a€written€and€full€confession€of€his€guilt,€and€explained€the€circumstances€of€theÐ /(#' Ðcrime€in€presence€of€the€lawyer,€Mr.€Nizomov.€In€the€State€party's€view,€the€author's€allegationsÐ )h$( Ðabout€the€use€of€illegal€methods€of€interrogation€including€violence€and€torture€against€her€sonÐ *Q%) Ðshould€be€considered€unsubstantiated,€as€neither€during€the€investigation€nor€in€court,€were€suchÐ ê*:&* Ðallegations€raised€by€Mr.€Kurbanov.€Ð Ó+#'+ ÐÌ4.3€The€State€party€also€dismisses€as€unsubstantiated€the€author's€contention€that€her€son€was€notÐ ¥-õ(- Ðprovided€with€an€interpreter€during€the€investigation€and€during€the€court€proceedings.€Mr.Ð ° ÐKurbanov€is€Tajik,€and€upon€closure€of€the€investigation,€when€he€consulted€the€case€file,€heÐ ™é Ðdeclared€that€he€did€not€need€an€interpreter.€Court€proceedings€were€conducted€in€the€presence€andÐ ‚Ò Ðwith€the€participation€of€an€interpreter.€Ð k» ÐÌ4.4€The€State€party€finally€observes€that€the€Supreme€Court€noted€that€in€his€cassation€appeal,€theÐ =  Ðauthor's€son€did€not€challenge€the€judgment€of€the€court€nor€the€actions€of€the€court€and€theÐ & v Ðinvestigators,€but€asked€for€commutation€of€the€death€sentence€to€a€long€prison€term.€The€State€partyÐ  _ Ðconcludes€that€on€the€basis€of€its€investigations€into€the€case,€no€violations€of€the€Covenant€occured.€Ð ø H ÐÌòòAuthor's€comments€on€State€party's€submissionóóÐ Ê   ÐÌ5.1€By€letters€of€25€November€2002,€13€January,€27€March,€and€21€July€2003,€the€author€presentedÐ œì  Ðfurther€information.€She€reaffirms€that€her€son€was€arrested€on€5€May€2001€at€around€3€pm€whenÐ …Õ  Ðhe€voluntarily€went€to€the€police€to€testify€as€a€witness.€On€7€May,€the€author€complained€in€writingÐ n¾  Ðto€the€Office€of€the€Prosecutor-€General;€that€same€day,€officers€from€that€Office€went€to€theÐ W§  ÐMinistry€of€the€Interior,€to€inquire€about€the€whereabouts€of€her€son.€They€were€unable€to€find€himÐ @ Ðbecause,€as€he€had€been€beaten€and€was€covered€with€blood,€he€was€hidden€in€a€locked€office,€in€theÐ )y Ðpresence€of€the€policeman€who€had€beaten€him.€Ð b ÐÌ5.2€The€author€notes€that€the€State€party's€submission€includes€copies€of€interrogation€record€sheets,Ð ä4 Ðwith€a€specific€field€reserved€for€the€need€for€interpretation,€where€it€is€mentioned€that€Mr.Ð Í ÐKurbanov€does€not€need€interpretation,€and€that€he€would€make€his€deposition€in€Russian.€For€theÐ ¶ Ðauthor,€this€proves€that€her€son's€mother€tongue€is€Russian.€The€investigation€was€conducted€inÐ Ÿï ÐRussian.€Some€of€the€proceedings,€such€as€cross-examination,€were€however€held€in€Tajik;€in€spiteÐ ˆØ Ðof€her€son's€request€for€interpretation,€the€investigator€refused€to€provide€for€it,€explaining€that€Mr.Ð qÁ ÐKurbanov€was€a€Tajik€national€and€was€presumed€to€be€proficient€in€Tajik.€The€trial€was€also€heldÐ Zª Ðin€Tajik.€Some€of€the€hearings€benefited€from€interpretation,€but€according€to€the€author,€theÐ C“ Ðinterpreter€was€unqualified,€and€it€was€often€difficult€to€understand€him.€Ð ,| ÐÌ5.3€As€to€the€authenticity€of€her€son's€written€confession,€the€author€states€that€her€son€does€not€denyÐ þN Ðthe€authenticity€of€his€signature€on€the€record€sheets,€but€that€he€claims€to€have€signed€them€underÐ ç 7 Ðtorture.€The€author€reiterates€that€her€son€bears€marks€of€torture€on€his€body,€and€that€this€wasÐ Ð!   Ðbrought€to€the€attention€of€the€State€party€on€several€occasions.€Ð ¹" ! ÐÌ5.4€As€Mr.€Kurbanov€was€provided€with€services€of€a€lawyer€only€on€23€July€2001,€all€proceedingsÐ ‹$Û# Ðduring€this€period€(including€interrogations),€were€conducted€without€any€legal€representation.€ThisÐ t%Ä $ Ðfacilitated€the€torture€of€her€son,€and€he€could€not€complain,€inter€alia,€because€he€did€not€know€toÐ ]&­!% Ðwhom€to€complain.€Ð F'–"& ÐÌ5.5€The€author€reiterates€that€upon€his€arrest,€her€son€was€not€promptly€been€informed€of€the€reasonsÐ )h$( Ðfor€his€arrest,€nor€later,€of€the€sentence€he€risked€for€the€crime€he€had€been€charged€with.€Ð *Q%) ÐÌ5.6€Between€5€and€12€May€2001,€the€author's€son€was€detained€in€the€building€of€the€CriminalÐ Ó+#'+ ÐInvestigation€Department€and€was€prevented€from€receiving€food€and€items€brought€to€him€Ð ¼, (, ÐÐ ¥-õ(- Ð5.7€Regarding€the€State€party's€argument€that€Mr.€Kurbanov€is€Tajik€and€should€be€presumed€toÐ ° Ðmaster€Tajik€the€author€notes€that€her€son€speaks€only€basic€Tajik€because€his€schooling€was€inÐ ™é ÐRussian,€moreover€he€had€lived€in€Russia€for€a€long€time.€He€is€not€in€a€position€to€understand€legalÐ ‚Ò Ðterminology€and€literary€phrases€in€Tajik.€For€that€reason€he€could€not€understand€the€charges€or€theÐ k» Ðsentence€during€the€court€procedures.€Ð T¤ ÐÌ5.8€The€author€acknowledges€that€no€specific€complaint€about€the€use€of€torture€was€made,€butÐ & v Ðaffirms€that€this€allegation€was€raised€in€court€and€was€also€conveyed€to€numerous€governmental€andÐ  _ Ðnon-governmental€organizations.€Thus,€in€the€author's€opinion,€the€authorities€were€fully€aware€ofÐ ø H Ðthe€allegations€relating€to€her€son's€torture.€Yet,€no€inquiry€was€no€initiated.€Ð á 1  ÐÌ5.9€The€author€reiterates€that€the€entire€investigation€in€her€son's€case€was€partial€and€not€objective.Ð ³  ÐThe€case€file€initially€contained€a€complaint€about€fraud€from€the€wife€of€one€Khaidar€Komilov.€TheÐ œì  Ðinvestigators,€however,€removed€all€reference€to€that€person€at€latter€stage,€calling€him€the€"unknownÐ …Õ  ÐKhaidar".€According€to€the€author,€by€doing€so,€the€investigators€eliminated€from€the€proceedingsÐ n¾  Ða€potentially€important€witness.€Ð W§  ÐÌ5.10€In€her€letter€of€21€July€2003,€the€author€submits€that€because€of€the€anguish€arising€out€of€theÐ )y Ðprospect€of€his€execution,€her€son's€psychological€condition€has€deteriorated€significantly.€Ð b ÐÌòòIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€CommitteeóóÐ ä4 ÐÌòòDecision€on€admissibilityóóÐ ¶ ÐÌ6.1€Before€considering€any€claims€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ ˆØ Ðmust,€in€accordance€with€rule€87€of€its€rules€of€procedure,€decide€whether€or€not€it€is€admissibleÐ qÁ Ðunder€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Covenant.€Ð Zª ÐÌ6.2€The€Committee€has€ascertained€that€the€same€matter€is€not€being€examined€under€anotherÐ ,| Ðprocedure€of€international€investigation€or€settlement€for€purposes€of€article€5,€paragraph€2€(a),€ofÐ e Ðthe€Optional€Protocol.€Ð þN ÐÌ6.3€With€regard€to€the€requirement€of€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€Committee€notes€thatÐ Ð!   Ðalthough€the€author€failed€to€file€a€normal€appeal€after€conviction,€his€case€was€neverthelessÐ ¹" ! Ðreviewed€through€extraordinary€appeal€by€the€Supreme€Court€and€that€the€State€party€has€notÐ ¢#ò" Ðchallenged€the€admissibility€of€the€communication€on€this€ground.€It€therefore€considers€that€theÐ ‹$Û# Ðauthor€has€met€the€requirements€of€article€5,€paragraph€2€(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌ6.4€With€regard€to€the€author's€allegation€under€article€14,€paragraph€1,€that€the€trial€was€partial€dueÐ F'–"& Ðto€the€pressure€exerted€by€the€audience,€the€Committee€considers€that€the€author€has€notÐ /(#' Ðsubstantiated€this€claim,€for€the€purposes€of€admissibility.€Hence,€this€part€of€the€communication€isÐ )h$( Ðinadmissible€under€article€2€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð *Q%) ÐÌ6.5€As€to€the€author's€claims€that€her€son€was€denied€the€assistance€of€a€lawyer€during€the€pre-trialÐ Ó+#'+ Ðinvestigation€and€that€even€at€later€stages€the€assistance€of€his€lawyer€remained€limited,€theÐ ¼, (, ÐCommittee€notes€that€these€allegations€could€raise€issues€under€article€14,€paragraphs€3€(b)€and€(d),Ð ¥-õ(- Ðand€recalls€its€jurisprudence€that,€particularly€in€cases€involving€capital€punishment,€it€is€axiomaticÐ ° Ðthat€the€accused€is€effectively€assisted€by€a€lawyeròò€3óó€at€all€stages€of€the€proceedings.€However,€theÐ ™é ÐCommittee€notes€that€the€author's€son€was€assisted€by€a€privately€hired€lawyer€from€23€July€2001Ð ‚Ò Ðonwards,€including€the€actual€trial€and€the€extraordinary€appeal€procedure,€and€that€the€author€hasÐ k» Ðnot€given€any€date€for€the€so-called€cross-examination€arranged€as€a€part€of€the€pre-trialÐ T¤ Ðinvestigation.€Furthermore,€the€Committee€notes€that€although€the€author€might€have€been€suspectedÐ =  Ðof€the€murders€since€the€discovery€of€the€bodies,€he€was€informed€of€his€status€as€a€suspect€on€11Ð & v ÐJune€2001€and€formally€charged€with€the€murders€on€30€July€2001,€i.e.€at€a€time€when€he€alreadyÐ  _ Ðwas€assisted€by€a€lawyer.€Even€though€the€Committee€will€have€to€address€on€the€merits€the€conductÐ ø H Ðof€the€State€party's€authorities€under€article€9,€paragraph€2,€and€article€14,€paragraph€3€(a),€itÐ á 1  Ðconsiders€in€the€circumstances,€that€no€issue€under€article€14,€paragraph€3€(b)€and€(d)€has€beenÐ Ê   Ðsubstantiated,€for€the€purposes€of€admissibility.€Ð ³  ÐÌ6.6€Similarly,€the€Committee€considers€that€the€author€has€not€substantiated,€for€purposes€ofÐ …Õ  Ðadmissibility,€that€article€14,€paragraph€3€(f)€was€violated€due€to€the€limitations€on,€and€theÐ n¾  Ðinsufficient€quality€of,€interpretation€provided€to€her€son.€Noting,€in€particular,€that€the€presence€ofÐ W§  Ðan€interpreter€appears€from€the€judgment€of€2€November€2001,€the€Committee€concludes€that€thisÐ @ Ðclaim€is€inadmissible€under€article€2€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð )y ÐÌ6.7€As€to€the€author's€claim€that€her€son€was€denied€the€right€of€appeal,€the€Committee€notes€that€Mr.Ð ûK ÐKurbanov€was€represented€by€privately€obtained€counsel,€who€did€not€file€a€regular€cassation€appeal.Ð ä4 ÐIt€is€not€clear€why€this€was€not€done,€but€as€a€result,€Mr.€Kurbanov's€conviction€could€only€beÐ Í Ðreviewed€by€way€of€an€extraordinary€appeal.€In€these€particular€circumstances,€the€CommitteeÐ ¶ Ðconsiders€that€although€the€review€might€have€been€more€limited€than€in€normal€appeal€proceedings,Ð Ÿï Ðthe€author€has€failed€to€substantiate,€for€purposes€of€admissibility,€her€claim€under€article€14,Ð ˆØ Ðparagraph€5.€Accordingly,€this€part€of€the€communication€is€inadmissible€under€article€2,€of€theÐ qÁ ÐOptional€Protocol.€Ð Zª ÐÌ6.8€The€Committee€considers€that€the€remainder€of€the€author's€claims€have€been€sufficientlyÐ ,| Ðsubstantiated€for€purposes€of€admissibility,€and€proceeds€to€their€examination€on€the€merits.€Ð e ÐÌòòExamination€of€the€meritsóóÐ ç 7 ÐÌ7.1€The€Human€Rights€Committee€has€considered€the€present€communication€in€the€light€of€all€theÐ ¹" ! Ðinformation€made€available€to€it€by€the€parties,€as€required€under€article€5,€paragraph€1,€of€theÐ ¢#ò" ÐOptional€Protocol.€Ð ‹$Û# ÐÌ7.2€The€Committee€has€taken€note€of€the€author's€claim€that€her€son€was€detained€on€a€Saturday€(5Ð ]&­!% ÐMay€2001),€and€detained€for€seven€days€without€a€charge.€To€support€her€claim,€she€provides€a€copyÐ F'–"& Ðof€the€police€register€which€displays€a€record€entered€on€7€May€2001€relating€to€her€son's€arrest,Ð /(#' Ðallegedly€for€fraud.€She€filed€a€complaint€about€the€allegedly€illegal€detention€of€her€son€with€theÐ )h$( ÐOffice€of€the€Procurator€General€on€the€same€day.€Furthermore,€the€Committee€notes€that€accordingÐ *Q%) Ðto€the€judgment€of€2€November€2001€by€the€Military€Chamber€of€the€Supreme€Court,€the€author€wasÐ ê*:&* Ðdetained€on€5€May€2001.€This€information€is€not€refuted€by€the€State€party's€contention€that€an€arrestÐ Ó+#'+ Ðwarrant€was€issued€on€12€May€2001.€In€the€absence€of€any€further€explanations€from€the€State€party,Ð ¼, (, Ðthe€Committee€concludes€that€Mr.€Kurbanov€was€detained€for€seven€days€without€an€arrest€warrantÐ ¥-õ(- Ðand€without€being€brought€before€a€judge.€The€Committee€concludes€that€his€rights€under€article€9,Ð ° Ðparagraphs€2€and€3,€of€the€Covenant€have€been€violated.€Ð ™é ÐÌ7.3.€Furthermore,€the€documents€submitted€by€the€State€party€show€that€Mr.€Kurbanov€was,€afterÐ k» Ðbeing€detained€since€5€May€2001€on€other€grounds,€informed€on€11€June€2001€that€he€was€suspectedÐ T¤ Ðof€the€killings€of€29€April€2001€but€charged€with€these€crimes€only€on€30€July€2001.€During€hisÐ =  Ðdetention€from€5€May€2001€onwards,€he€was,€except€for€the€last€week€starting€on€23€July€2001,Ð & v Ðwithout€the€assistance€of€a€lawyer.€The€Committee€takes€the€view€that€the€delay€in€presenting€theÐ  _ Ðcharges€to€the€detained€author€and€in€securing€him€legal€assistance€affected€the€possibilities€of€Mr.Ð ø H ÐKurbanov€to€defend€himself,€in€a€manner€that€constitutes€a€violation€of€article€14,€paragraph€3€(a),Ð á 1  Ðof€the€Covenant.€Ð Ê   ÐÌ7.4€The€Committee€has€noted€the€author's€fairly€detailed€description€of€beatings€and€otherÐ œì  Ðill-treatment€that€her€son€was€subjected€to.€She€has€furthermore€identified€by€name€some€of€theÐ …Õ  Ðindividuals€alleged€to€have€been€responsible€for€her€son's€ill-treatment.€In€reply,€the€State€party€hasÐ n¾  Ðconfined€itself€to€stating€that€these€allegations€were€neither€raised€during€the€investigation€nor€inÐ W§  Ðcourt.€The€Committee€recalls,òò4óó€with€regard€to€the€burden€of€proof,€that€this€cannot€rest€alone€withÐ @ Ðthe€author€of€a€communication,€especially€considering€that€the€author€and€the€State€party€do€notÐ )y Ðalways€have€equal€access€to€evidence€and€that€frequently€the€State€party€alone€has€access€to€relevantÐ b Ðinformation.€Further,€the€mere€fact€that€no€allegation€of€torture€was€made€in€the€domestic€appealÐ ûK Ðproceedings€cannot€as€such€be€held€against€the€alleged€victim€if€it€is€proposed,€as€in€the€present€case,Ð ä4 Ðthat€such€an€allegation€was€in€fact€made€during€the€actual€trial€but€was€neither€recorded€nor€actedÐ Í Ðupon.€In€the€light€of€the€details€given€by€the€author€on€the€alleged€ill-treatment,€the€unavailabilityÐ ¶ Ðof€a€trial€transcript€and€the€absence€of€any€further€explanations€from€the€State€party,€due€weight€mustÐ Ÿï Ðbe€given€to€the€author's€allegations.€Noting€in€particular€that€the€State€party€has€failed€to€investigateÐ ˆØ Ðthe€author's€allegations,€which€were€brought€to€the€State€party's€authorities'€attention,€the€CommitteeÐ qÁ Ðconsiders€that€the€facts€as€submitted€disclose€a€violation€of€article€7€of€the€Covenant.€Ð Zª ÐÌ7.5€In€the€light€of€the€above€finding€and€the€fact€that€the€author's€conviction€was€based€on€hisÐ ,| Ðconfession€obtained€under€duress,€the€Committee€concludes€that€there€was€also€a€violation€of€articleÐ e Ð14,€paragraph€3€(g),€of€the€Covenant.€Ð þN ÐÌ7.6€As€to€the€author's€claim€that€her€son's€rights€under€article14,€paragraph€1€were€violated€throughÐ Ð!   Ða€death€sentence€pronounced€by€an€incompetent€tribunal,€the€Committee€notes€that€the€State€partyÐ ¹" ! Ðhas€neither€addressed€this€claim€nor€provided€any€explanation€as€to€why€the€trial€was€conducted,€atÐ ¢#ò" Ðfirst€instance,€by€the€Military€Chamber€of€the€Supreme€Court.€In€the€absence€of€any€information€byÐ ‹$Û# Ðthe€State€party€to€justify€a€trial€before€a€military€court,€the€Committee€considers€that€the€trial€andÐ t%Ä $ Ðdeath€sentence€against€the€author's€son,€who€is€a€civilian,€did€not€meet€the€requirements€of€articleÐ ]&­!% Ð14,€paragraph€1.€Ð F'–"& ÐÌ7.7€The€Committee€recalls€òò5óó€that€the€imposition€of€a€sentence€of€death€upon€conclusion€of€a€trial€inÐ )h$( Ðwhich€the€provisions€of€the€Covenant€have€not€been€respected€constitutes€a€violation€of€article€6€ofÐ *Q%) Ðthe€Covenant.€In€the€current€case,€the€sentence€of€death€was€passed€in€violation€of€the€right€to€a€fairÐ ê*:&* Ðtrial€as€set€out€in€article€14€of€the€Covenant,€and€thus€also€in€breach€of€article€6.€Ð Ó+#'+ ÐÌ7.8€The€State€party€has€not€provided€any€explanations€in€response€to€the€author's€fairly€detailedÐ ¥-õ(- Ðallegations€of€the€author's€son's€condition€of€detention€after€conviction€being€in€breach€of€article€10Ð ° Ðof€the€Covenant.€In€the€absence€of€any€explanation€from€the€State€party,€due€weight€must€be€givenÐ ™é Ðto€the€author's€allegations€according€to€which€her€son's€cell€has€no€water,€is€very€cold€in€the€winterÐ ‚Ò Ðand€hot€in€the€summer,€has€inadequate€ventilation€and€is€infested€with€insects,€and€that€the€author'sÐ k» Ðson€is€allowed€to€leave€his€cell€only€for€half€an€hour€a€day.€With€reference€to€the€United€NationsÐ T¤ ÐStandard€Minimum€Rules€for€the€Treatment€of€Prisoners,€the€Committee€finds,€that€the€conditionsÐ =  Ðas€described€amount€to€a€violation€of€article€10,€paragraph€1,€in€respect€of€the€author's€son.€Ð & v ÐÌ8.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€the€Optional€Protocol€toÐ ø H Ðthe€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€is€of€the€view€that€the€facts€before€itÐ á 1  Ðdisclose€a€violation€of€the€rights€of€Mr.€Kurbanov€under€article€7,€article€9,€paragraphs€2€and€3,Ð Ê   Ðarticle€10,€article€14,€paragraph€1€and€paragraph€3€(a)€and€(g),€and€of€article€6€of€the€Covenant.€Ð ³  ÐÌ9.€Under€article€2,€paragraph€3€(a),€of€the€Covenant,€the€author's€son€is€entitled€to€an€effectiveÐ …Õ  Ðremedy€entailing€compensation€and€a€new€trial€before€an€ordinary€court€and€with€all€the€guaranteesÐ n¾  Ðof€article€14,€or,€should€this€not€be€possible,€release.€The€State€party€is€under€an€obligation€to€takeÐ W§  Ðmeasures€to€prevent€similar€violations€in€the€future.€Ð @ ÐÌ10.€Bearing€in€mind€that,€by€becoming€a€party€to€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€party€hasÐ b Ðrecognized€the€competence€of€the€Committee€to€determine€whether€there€has€been€a€violation€of€theÐ ûK ÐCovenant€or€not€and€that,€pursuant€to€article€2€of€the€Covenant,€the€State€party€has€undertaken€toÐ ä4 Ðensure€to€all€individuals€within€its€territory€or€subject€to€its€jurisdiction€the€rights€recognized€in€theÐ Í ÐCovenant€and€to€provide€an€effective€and€enforceable€remedy€in€case€a€violation€has€beenÐ ¶ Ðestablished,€the€Committee€wishes€to€receive€from€the€State€party,€within€90€days,€information€aboutÐ Ÿï Ðthe€measures€taken€to€give€effect€to€these€Views.€The€State€party€is€also€requested€to€publish€theÐ ˆØ ÐCommittee's€Views.€Ð qÁ ÐÌ____________________Ð C“ ÐÌ[Adopted€in€English,€French€and€Spanish,€the€English€text€being€the€original€version.€SubsequentlyÐ e Ðto€be€issued€also€in€Arabic,€Chinese€and€Russian€as€part€of€the€Committee's€annual€report€to€theÐ þN ÐGeneral€Assembly.]€Ð ç 7 ÐÌ*€The€following€members€of€the€Committee€participated€in€the€examination€of€the€presentÐ ¹" ! Ðcommunication:€Mr.€Nisuke€Ando,€Mr.€Prafullachandra€Natwarlal€Bhagwati,€Mr.€Alfredo€CastilleroÐ ¢#ò" ÐHoyos,€Ms.€Christine€Chanet,€Mr.€Franco€Depasquale,€Mr.€Maurice€Gll€Ahanhanzo,€Mr.€WalterÐ ‹$Û# ÐKlin,€Mr.€Ahmed€Tawfik€Khalil,€Mr.€Rajsoomer€Lallah,€Mr.€Rafael€Rivas€Posada,€Sir€NigelÐ t%Ä $ ÐRodley,€Mr.€Ivan€Shearer,€Mr.€Hipð;ðlito€Solari€Yrigoyen,€Mr.€Roman€Wieruszewski€and€Mr.Ð ]&­!% ÐMaxwell€Yalden.€Ð F'–"& ÐÌÌòòNotesóóÐ *Q%) ÐÌ1.€The€Optional€Protocol€entered€into€force€for€Tajikistan€on€4€April€1999.€Ð Ó+#'+ ÐÌ2.€It€transpires€from€documents€later€submitted€by€the€State€party€that€the€author's€son€was€on€11Ð ¥-õ(- ÐJune€2001€initially€informed€that€he€was€suspected€of€the€murders.€Ð ° ÐÌ3.€See€for€example€òòAliev€v€Ukraineóó,€Communication€781/1997,€òòRobinson€v.€Jamaicaóó,Ð ‚Ò ÐCommunication€No.€223/1987€and€òòBrown€v.€Jamaicaóó,€Communication€No.€775/1997.€Ð k» ÐÌ4.€See,€for€example,€Communication€No.€161/1983,€òòRubio€v.€Colombiaóó.€Ð =  ÐÌ5.€See€òòConroy€Levy€v.€Jamaicaóó,€communication€No.€719/1996,€and€òòClarence€Marshall€v.€Jamaicaóó,Ð  _ Ðcommunication€No.€730/1996.€Ð ø H ÐÓÐÓ