ÿWPC[ Jª\¥AhG¹”¨ÛxõãXΔGsÑí²XW”ó=RTÞt åt«ºPì+o­— zšB€Cdà™;*\-bø „SrC åÛ¢Ç8$oï‚8& •ÞVŽe“¾Õ†ua7îì µh6ß/ 0·52ë4g\0 ëÐUùº}§8VY«{áÁUk#ÆÏöækªŒ7\OQ "3M™½ÝËÛv“~ùÉÓ†¼ •èã˜V!ý;åRP)…-wû‡`2ÙHè§;zó2›J3Ì Iò1€GQ/@<‘Ü®Êæë<[pÛé·‰cw„ ‰Pjr©æ:ò6ÆHhòœ"t¥pmÆ6‘alú»ô|̈JÐ-ŽB…ùöv¬¼“³r¢%¸&©ýùñ1ÁÓq–|¸F9O%¹dåѶ¶â.õèä¡ëÀ÷åwe~ç¾rÛk­ýßsÀÚ@Â4t¡6X9v8â+¼¢øh´5jµ}”ìV©Å¸NÆ<Õáƒ1êÞWõfÐ.–zÅXG§Yq§öíŠÑZä´ÈæÌË|^ý1a‡%~NݼRkîsÒÎ=r€ÂN‰òÝZ'Ù°¾y1U˜µfÔ¶ÆÓœŠÕ,Øñd=tá_opQÉ¡üç± #Á¶UNw %Å 0:Ë^ w4)8 m:QNY˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÚØÚÚØÈÚ0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ô¹®—- eû*3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà@'ìàÔ€¼â„»XXÔò òTUNISIAó óˆÐ ° ÐÌÔ€X¨èX»¼â„Ôò òÓ  ÓCRC€€A/51/41€(1996)ó óÐ Ö& ÐÌ22.€€òòConcluding€observationsóóÐ ®þ ÐÌ598.€€The€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€Tunisia€(CRC/C/11/Add.2)€at€its€225òòthóó€to€227òòthóó€Ð † Ö Ðmeetings,€on€1€and€2€June€1995€(CRC/C/SR.225„227)€and€adopted,€at€its€233òòrdóó€meeting,€on€9€JuneÐ r  Ð1995,€the€following€concluding€observations.Ð ^ ® ÐÌ(a)€€òòIntroductionóóÐ 6†  ÐÌ599.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€submission€of€the€report,€which€contains€comprehensiveÐ ^  Ðinformation€on€the€legal€framework€within€which€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€isÐ úJ  Ðimplemented€and€on€other€measures€adopted€since€the€ratification€of€the€Convention€by€Tunisia.Ð æ6  ÐÌ600.€€The€Committee€appreciates€the€written€information€provided€by€the€Government€in€reply€toÐ ¾ Ðthe€questions€set€out€in€the€list€of€issues.€€Furthermore,€the€presence€of€a€high„level€delegationÐ ªú Ðenabled€the€Committee€to€engage€in€a€constructive€dialogue€with€those€directly€responsible€for€theÐ –æ Ðimplementation€of€the€Convention.Ð ‚Ò ÐÌ(b)€€òòPositive€factorsóóÐ Zª ÐÌ601.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€efforts€made€by€the€Government€in€bringing€domestic€law€intoÐ 2‚ Ðline€with€the€Convention,€through€the€enactment€of€the€draft€code€for€the€protection€of€the€child.€Ð n ÐSatisfaction€is€expressed€at€the€fact€that€various€national€legislative€provisions€are€more€conductiveÐ  Z Ðto€the€realization€of€the€rights€of€the€child€than€those€contained€in€the€Convention.€€The€CommitteeÐ öF Ðalso€notes€with€appreciation€the€adoption,€following€the€World€Summit€for€Children€in€1990,€of€theÐ â2 Ðnational€plan€of€action€for€the€survival,€protection€and€development€of€children,€as€well€as€theÐ Î Ðadoption€of€various€Ô_ÔprogrammesÔ_Ô,€specifically€aimed€at€promoting€and€protecting€the€rights€of€theÐ º  Ðchild,€such€as€Ô_ÔprogrammesÔ_Ô€for€disabled€children,€and€Ô_ÔprogrammesÔ_Ô€aiming€at€sensitizing€teachers€toÐ ¦ ö Ðthe€philosophy€of€the€Convention.€€The€Committee€notes€with€particular€appreciation€the€sustainedÐ ’!â Ðpolicies€with€a€view€to€protecting€children€against€the€negative€effects€of€structural€adjustment.Ð ~"Î  ÐÌ(c)€€òòFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionóóÐ V$¦" ÐÌ602.€€The€Committee€notes€that€there€are€still€practices€which€impede€the€full€enjoyment€of€certainÐ .&~!$ Ðrights€of€the€child.Ð 'j"% ÐÌ(d)€€òòPrincipal€subjects€of€concernóóÐ ò(B$' ÐÌ603.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€about€the€extent€of€the€reservations€and€declarations€made€to€theÐ Ê*&) ÐConvention€by€the€State€party.€€In€particular,€the€reservation€relating€to€the€application€of€article€2Ð ¶+'* Ðraises€concern€as€to€its€compatibility€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Convention.Ð ¢,ò'+ ÐÐ Ž-Þ(, ÐÔ_Ô604.€€The€Committee€notes€that€measures€taken€to€ensure€the€implementation€of€the€provisions€ofÐ ° Ðthe€Convention,€particularly€articles€2,€3,€12,€13€and€19,€are€still€insufficient.€€The€Committee€isÐ œì Ðconcerned€at€practices€of€discrimination€against€children€born€out€of€wedlock.Ð ˆØ ÐÌ605.€€The€Committee€notes€that€the€system€of€collecting€data€relevant€for€the€monitoring€of€theÐ `° Ðimplementation€of€the€Convention€needs€to€be€improved€and€extended.€€It€is€concerned€whetherÐ L œ Ðsufficient€consideration€has€been€given€to€the€reinforcement€of€mechanisms,€including€of€anÐ 8 ˆ Ðindependent€nature,€to€follow€up€and€evaluate€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€at€the€nationalÐ $ t Ðand€local€levels.Ð  ` ÐÌ606.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€the€legislative€discrepancy€between€the€age€for€completionÐ è 8  Ðof€mandatory€education€and€the€minimum€age€for€admission€to€employment€may€lead€to€encourageÐ Ô$  Ðadolescents€to€drop€out€from€the€school€system.Ð À  ÐÌ(e)€€òòSuggestions€and€recommendationsóóÐ ˜è  ÐÌ607.€€In€the€spirit€of€the€final€document€of€the€World€Conference€on€Human€Rights,€the€CommitteeÐ pÀ Ðwishes€to€encourage€the€State€party€to€consider€reviewing€its€reservations€and€declarations€to€theÐ \¬ ÐConvention€with€a€view€to€withdrawing€them,€including€particularly€the€reservation€relating€to€articleÐ H˜ Ð2€of€the€Convention.Ð 4„ ÐÌ608.€€The€Committee€encourages€the€Government€to€pursue€its€efforts€aiming€at€creating€awarenessÐ  \ Ðof€the€Convention€and€having€its€basic€principles€understood€by€the€general€public,€and€to€continueÐ øH Ðtraining€relevant€professional€groups€such€as€teachers,€judges,€law€enforcement€officials,€socialÐ ä4 Ðworkers€and€the€personnel€in€care€and€detention€institutions,€as€well€as€military€personnel.Ð Ð  ÐÌ609.€€The€data€collection€on€matters€relating€to€the€Convention€should€be€systematized€andÐ ¨ø Ðamplified,€with€a€view€to€covering€all€areas€addressed€by€the€Convention.Ð ”ä ÐÌ610.€€The€Committee€would€like€to€suggest€that€the€State€party€consider€reinforcing€the€mechanismsÐ l¼ Ðfor€monitoring€and€evaluating€the€implementation€of€the€Convention.€€A€more€efficient€coordinationÐ X ¨ Ðbetween€the€central€Government€and€the€Ô_ÔgovernoratesÔ_Ô€is€also€recommended.Ð D!” ÐÌ611.€€The€State€party€is€encouraged€to€pursue€legislative€reforms€and€to€adopt€measures€translatingÐ #l! Ðinto€practice€the€general€principles€of€the€Convention,€in€particular€the€principle€of€non„Ð $X" Ðdiscrimination€against€children€born€out€of€wedlock,€the€principle€of€the€best€interests€of€the€childÐ ô$D # Ðand€the€right€of€the€child€to€express€his€or€her€views€freely.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ612.€€The€Committee€recommends€to€the€State€party€to€give€further€thought€to€possible€ratificationÐ ¸'#& Ðof€ILO€Convention€No.€138€on€the€minimum€age€for€admission€to€employment.€€Campaigns€toÐ ¤(ô#' Ðprevent€entry€of€adolescents€into€the€Ô_ÔlabourÔ_Ô€force,€including€in€the€informal€sector€and€agriculture,Ð )à$( Ðshould€be€reinforced.€€In€this€regard,€the€Committee€would€like€to€encourage€the€State€party€toÐ |*Ì%) Ðconsider€seeking€technical€assistance€from€ILO.Ð h+¸&* ÐÌ613.€€Regarding€the€rights€of€the€refugee€and€asylum„seeking€child,€the€Committee€recommends€thatÐ @-(, Ðthe€State€party€consider€as€a€preventive€measure€adopting€relevant€legislative€provisions,€inÐ ° Ðconsultation€with€Ô_ÔUNHCRÔ_Ô.Ð œì ÐÌ614.€€As€far€as€protection€from€ill„treatment€is€concerned,€the€Committee€recommends€that€the€socialÐ tÄ Ðpreventive€approach€be€strengthened€and€that€further€measures€be€undertaken€to€educate€parentsÐ `° Ðabout€their€responsibilities€toward€their€children,€including€through€the€provision€of€family€educationÐ L œ Ðwhich€should€emphasize€the€equal€responsibilities€of€both€parents€and€contribute€to€the€preventionÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€the€use€of€corporal€punishment.Ð $ t ÐÌ615.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€invitation€addressed€by€the€delegation€to€the€Committee€to€visitÐ ü L  ÐTunisia.€€The€Committee€also€recommends€that€the€initial€report,€the€summary€records€of€theÐ è 8  Ðdiscussion€between€the€delegation€and€the€Committee€and€the€present€concluding€observations€beÐ Ô$  Ðwidely€disseminated€in€order€to€deepen€the€debate€on€the€rights€of€the€child€in€Tunisia.€€TheÐ À  ÐCommittee€would€like€to€suggest€that€these€documents€be€brought€to€the€attention€of€Parliament€andÐ ¬ü  Ðthat€the€suggestions€and€recommendations€for€action€contained€therein€be€followed€up.Ð  ˜è  ÐÔUKUS.,Ôò òÌCRC€€CRC/C/118€(2002)ó óÐ œì ÐÌÌ257.€€At€its€788th€and€789th€meetings€(see€CRC/C/SR.788€and€789),€held€on€28€May€2002,€theÐ `° ÐCommittee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€considered€the€second€periodic€report€of€TunisiaÐ L œ Ð(CRC/C/83/Add.1)€and€adopted,€at€its€804th€meeting,€held€on€7€June€2002,€the€following€concludingÐ 8 ˆ Ðobservations.€Ð $ t ÐÌA.€€òòIntroductionóóÐ ü L  ÐÌ258.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€submission€of€the€State€party's€second€periodic€report,€which€wasÐ Ô$  Ðsubmitted€in€a€timely€manner€and€prepared€in€accordance€with€the€Committee's€guidelines€forÐ À  Ðreporting.€The€Committee€furthermore€appreciates€the€detailed€written€response€to€the€list€of€issuesÐ ¬ü  Ð(CRC/C/Q/TUN/2),€which€was€equally€submitted€in€a€timely€manner.€The€Committee€notes€withÐ ˜è  Ðappreciation€that€the€well„ÓÓinformed€and€high„ÓÓranking€delegation€contributed€to€an€informative€andÐ „Ô  Ðconstructive€dialogue.€Ð pÀ ÐÌB.€€òòFollow„ÓÓup€measures€undertaken€and€progress€achieved€by€the€State€partyóóÐ H˜ ÐÌ259.€€The€Committee€notes€the€State€party's€commitment€to€the€issue€of€child€rights€and€particularlyÐ  p Ðwelcomes€the€adoption€of€the€Child€Protection€Code€on€9€November€1995,€which€entered€into€forceÐ  \ Ðon€11€January€1996,€including€the€ensuing€nomination€of€delegates€for€the€protection€of€childhoodÐ øH Ðby€Decree€No.€96„ÓÓ1134,€the€obligatory€reporting€of€danger€to€children€and€the€development€of€aÐ ä4 Ðspecialized€system€of€juvenile€justice.€The€Committee€particularly€welcomes€the€express€referenceÐ Ð  Ðin€articles€4€and€10€respectively€of€the€Child€Protection€Code€to€the€best€interest€of€the€child€and€toÐ ¼  Ðrespect€for€the€views€of€the€child,€in€line€with€the€previous€recommendation€of€the€CommitteeÐ ¨ø Ð(CRC/C/15/Add.39,€para.€7).€The€Committee€further€notes€the€establishment€of€a€children's€parliament.Ð ”ä ÐÌ260.€€The€Committee€welcomes€efforts€to€improve€data€collection,€in€line€with€previousÐ l¼ Ðrecommendations€(ibid.,€para.€12),€including€by€enhancing€the€status€of€the€National€Council€forÐ X ¨ ÐChildren€by€converting€it€into€a€Higher€Council€by€Decree€No.€2002„ÓÓ574€of€12€March€2002,€and€byÐ D!” Ðdrafting€an€annual€report€on€the€situation€of€the€child.Ð 0"€  ÐÌ261.€€In€light€of€the€previous€recommendations€(ibid.,€para.€9)€the€Committee€further€commends€theÐ $X" Ðamendment€to€the€Labour€Code€raising€the€minimum€age€for€admission€to€employment€to€16€years,Ð ô$D # Ðwhich€is€the€age€for€completion€of€compulsory€education.€The€Committee€notes€the€adoption€of€aÐ à%0!$ Ðseries€of€new€laws€regarding€children€born€out€of€wedlock€and€with€regard€to€the€joint€responsibilityÐ Ì&"% Ðof€the€spouses,€as€well€as€policy€measures€to€ensure€maintenance€following€divorce,€measures€forÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€protection€of€children€deprived€of€a€family€environment,€and€various€other€steps€taken€to€improveÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthe€implementation€of€the€Convention€and€to€follow„ÓÓup€on€the€previous€dialogue€with€the€Committee.Ð )à$( ÐÌ262.€€In€light€of€the€previous€recommendations€(ibid.,€para.€10),€the€Committee€notes€withÐ h+¸&* Ðsatisfaction€the€withdrawal,€on€1€March€2002,€of€the€reservation€with€regard€to€article€40,€paragraphÐ T,¤'+ Ð2€(b)€(v),€and€the€declaration€in€which€the€State€party€declared€that€"its€undertaking€to€implement€theÐ @-(, Ðprovisions€of€this€Convention€shall€be€limited€by€the€means€at€its€disposal".Ð ° ÐÌ263.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€ratification€by€the€State€party€in€1995€of€the€ILO€Minimum€AgeÐ ˆØ ÐConvention,€1973€(No.€138)€and€the€ratification€in€2000€of€the€Worst€Forms€of€Child€LabourÐ tÄ ÐConvention,€1999€(No.€182).Ð `° ÐÌC.€€òòPrincipal€subjects€of€concern€and€Committee€recommendationsóóÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌ1.€€òòGeneral€measures€of€implementationóóÐ  ` ÐÌòòPrevious€recommendations€of€the€CommitteeóóÐ è 8  ÐÌ264.€€The€Committee€regrets€that€some€of€the€concerns€and€recommendations€(CRC/C/15/Add.39)Ð À  Ðit€made€upon€consideration€of€the€State€party's€initial€report€(CRC/C/11/Add.2)€have€beenÐ ¬ü  Ðinsufficiently€addressed,€particularly€those€contained€in€paragraphs€6,€7,€8,€10,€13,€14,€16€and€17.Ð ˜è  ÐThose€concerns€and€recommendations€are€reiterated€in€the€present€document.Ð „Ô  ÐÌ265.€€The€Committee€urges€the€State€party€to€make€every€effort€to€address€those€recommendationsÐ \¬ Ðcontained€in€the€concluding€observations€on€the€initial€report€that€have€not€yet€been€implemented€andÐ H˜ Ðto€address€the€concerns€contained€in€the€present€concluding€observations€on€the€second€periodic€report.Ð 4„ ÐÌòòReservationsóóÐ  \ ÐÌ266.€€While€welcoming€the€State€party's€withdrawal€of€its€reservation€with€regard€to€article€40,Ð ä4 Ðparagraph€2€(b)€(v),€and€its€declaration,€as€noted€above,€and€noting€the€statement€by€the€delegationÐ Ð  Ðthat€consideration€will€be€given€to€withdrawing€the€remaining€reservations,€the€Committee€remainsÐ ¼  Ðconcerned€about€the€extent€of€reservations€and€declarations€made€to€the€Convention€by€the€StateÐ ¨ø Ðparty.€In€particular,€the€Committee€reiterates€that€the€reservation€relating€to€the€application€of€articleÐ ”ä Ð2€appears€to€be€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Convention.Ð €Ð ÐÌ267.€€The€Committee,€in€line€with€its€previous€recommendation,€and€in€light€of€the€ViennaÐ X ¨ ÐDeclaration€and€Programme€of€Action€(1993),€encourages€the€State€party€to€consider€reviewing€itsÐ D!” Ðreservations€and€declarations€to€the€Convention€with€a€view€to€withdrawing€them,€in€particular€theÐ 0"€  Ðreservation€relating€to€article€2.Ð #l! ÐÌòòCoordinationóóÐ ô$D # ÐÌ268.€€While€welcoming€the€efforts€made€in€the€area€of€coordination,€the€Committee€observes€thatÐ Ì&"% Ðthe€effectiveness€in€practice€of€the€Higher€Council€for€Children€as€a€mechanism€for€coordinationÐ ¸'#& Ðremains€unclear.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÐ ÐÓÓ269.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€make€every€effort€to€ensure€the€effectivenessÐ |*Ì%) Ðof€the€Higher€Council€for€Children,€the€status€of€which€was€recently€enhanced.€It€reiterates€itsÐ h+¸&* Ðprevious€recommendation€to€the€State€party€to€strengthen€the€efficiency€and€the€effectiveness€ofÐ T,¤'+ Ðcoordination€between€the€central€Government€and€the€Ô_ÔgovernoratesÔ_Ô€(ibid.,€para.€13).Ð @-(, ÐÌòòData€collectionóóÐ œì ÐÌ270.€€While€noting€the€significant€efforts€of€the€State€party€to€collect€reliable€data€on€the€situationÐ tÄ Ðof€children,€and€particularly€the€preparation€of€an€annual€report€on€the€situation€of€the€child,€theÐ `° ÐCommittee€regrets€in€particular€the€absence€of€a€sectoral€approach€to€data€collection€and€monitoring.Ð L œ ÐÌ271.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð $ t ÐÌ(a)€€Conduct€impact€assessments€regarding€the€annual€report€on€the€situation€of€the€child,Ð ü L  Ðincorporating€all€areas€of€the€Convention;Ð è 8  ÐÌ(b)€€Develop€an€integrated€approach€to€data€collection€and€monitoring;Ð À  ÐÌ(c)€€Seek€technical€assistance€from,€among€others,€UNICEF,€Ô_ÔUNFPAÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔUNDPÔ_Ô€in€this€regard.Ð ˜è  ÐÌòòIndependent€monitoring€structuresóóÐ pÀ ÐÌ272.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€creation€of€the€"Information,€Training,€Documentation€and€StudyÐ H˜ ÐObservatory"€in€February€2002,€and€the€appointment€of€delegates€who€play€an€important€role€in€theÐ 4„ Ðprotection€of€children€and€in€receiving€complaints.€However,€the€Committee€notes€the€need€toÐ  p Ðestablish€a€monitoring€mechanism€of€an€independent€nature,€in€line€with€its€previousÐ  \ Ðrecommendation€for€the€State€party€(ibid.,€para.€8).Ð øH ÐÌ273.€€The€Committee€encourages€the€State€party:Ð Ð  ÐÌ(a)€€To€establish€an€independent€national€human€rights€institution€in€accordance€with€the€PrinciplesÐ ¨ø Ðrelating€to€the€status€of€national€institutions€for€the€promotion€and€protection€of€human€rightsÐ ”ä Ð(General€Assembly€resolution€48/134)€to€monitor€and€evaluate€progress€in€the€implementation€of€theÐ €Ð ÐConvention€at€the€national€and,€if€appropriate,€at€the€local€levels,€including€implementation€by€theÐ l¼ Ðprivate€sector€and€Ô_ÔNGOsÔ_Ô€as€providers€of€services€to€children.€This€institution€should€be€empoweredÐ X ¨ Ðto€receive€and€investigate€individual€complaints€of€violations€of€child€rights€in€a€child„ÓÓsensitiveÐ D!” Ðmanner,€and€address€them€effectively;€andÐ 0"€  ÐÌ(b)€€Seek€technical€assistance€from,€among€others,€Ô_ÔOHCHRÔ_Ô€and€UNICEF.Ð $X" ÐÌòòTraining/dissemination€of€the€ConventionóóÐ à%0!$ ÐÌ274.€€While€noting€with€appreciation€the€efforts€undertaken€by€the€State€party€to€publicize€widelyÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€principles€and€provisions€of€the€Convention,€including€the€broadcasting€of€information€throughÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthe€media€and€the€integration€of€parts€of€the€Convention€in€school€curricula,€the€Committee€is€of€theÐ )à$( Ðopinion€that€the€measures€need€to€be€further€strengthened€and€implemented€in€an€ongoing,Ð |*Ì%) Ðcomprehensive€and€systematic€basis.Ð h+¸&* ÐÌ275.€€The€Committee€reiterates€its€recommendation€(ibid.,€para.€11)€to€pursue€efforts€aiming€atÐ @-(, Ðcreating€awareness€of€all€aspects€of€the€Convention€and€having€its€basic€principles€grasped€by€theÐ ° Ðgeneral€public,€and€to€continue€training€relevant€professional€groups€working€for€and€with€children,Ð œì Ðin€particular€parliamentarians,€judges,€lawyers,€law€enforcement€officials,€civil€servants,€municipalÐ ˆØ Ðworkers,€personnel€working€in€institutions€and€places€of€detention€for€children,€teachers,€healthÐ tÄ Ðpersonnel,€including€psychologists,€social€workers,€religious€leaders,€as€well€as€children€and€theirÐ `° Ðparents.€Technical€assistance€from,€among€others,€Ô_ÔOHCHRÔ_Ô€and€UNICEF€could€be€requested€in€thisÐ L œ Ðregard.€Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ2.€€òòDefinition€of€the€childóóÐ  ` ÐÌ276.€€While€noting€the€positive€measures€taken€to€bring€the€different€age€requirements€into€fullÐ è 8  Ðcompliance€with€the€Convention€and€measures€taken€to€follow„ÓÓup€on€the€Committee's€previousÐ Ô$  Ðrecommendation€by€raising€the€minimum€age€of€admission€to€employment€to€16€years€so€as€toÐ À  Ðharmonize€it€with€the€end€of€compulsory€education,€the€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€disparity€inÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€minimum€age€of€marriage€for€boys€and€girls,€particularly€that€the€age€for€girls€is€set€at€17€years,Ð ˜è  Ðalthough€noting€with€appreciation€that€it€was€raised€from€15€years.Ð „Ô  ÐÌ277.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€rectify€the€disparity€in€the€minimum€age€ofÐ \¬ Ðmarriage€for€boys€and€girls€by€raising€the€minimum€age€of€marriage€for€girls.€Ð H˜ ÐÌ3.€€òòGeneral€principlesóóÐ  p ÐÌòòNon„ÓÓdiscriminationóóÐ øH ÐÌ278.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€information€on€the€measures€taken€to€address€discriminationÐ Ð  Ðagainst€children€born€out€of€wedlock,€in€line€with€the€Committee's€previous€recommendations,Ð ¼  Ðalthough€it€remains€concerned€at€the€implementation€of€the€legislation€in€practice.€It€furthermoreÐ ¨ø Ðobserves€that€the€principle€of€non„ÓÓdiscrimination€(art.€2)€does€not€figure€prominently€in€the€newÐ ”ä ÐChild€Protection€Code.€The€Committee€is€deeply€concerned€that€the€principle€of€non„ÓÓdiscriminationÐ €Ð Ðis€not€fully€implemented€in€practice€with€respect€to€certain€groups.Ð l¼ ÐÌ279.€€In€accordance€with€article€2€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð D!” ÐÌ(a)€€Make€concerted€efforts€at€all€levels€to€address€discrimination,€notably€discrimination€based€onÐ #l! Ðthe€political€and€human€rights€activities,€expressed€opinions€or€beliefs€of€children€or€their€parents,Ð $X" Ðlegal€guardians€or€family€members;€disability;€national,€ethnic,€or€social€origin,€by€means€of€a€reviewÐ ô$D # Ðand€a€reorientation€of€policies,€including€increased€budgetary€allocations€for€programmes€targetingÐ à%0!$ Ðthe€most€vulnerable€groups;Ð Ì&"% ÐÌ(b)€€Enhance€efforts€to€close€gaps€in€the€enjoyment€of€rights€between€different€regions,€and€betweenÐ ¤(ô#' Ðurban€and€rural€communities;Ð )à$( ÐÌ(c)€€Ensure€effective€law€enforcement,€undertake€studies€and€launch€comprehensive€publicÐ h+¸&* Ðinformation€campaigns€to€prevent€and€combat€all€forms€of€discrimination,€in€line€with€previousÐ T,¤'+ Ðrecommendations€(ibid.,€para.€7).Ð @-(, ÐÌ280.€€The€Committee€requests€that€specific€information€be€included€in€the€next€periodic€report€onÐ œì Ðthe€measures€and€programmes€relevant€to€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€undertaken€byÐ ˆØ Ðthe€State€party€to€follow„ÓÓup€on€the€Declaration€and€Programme€of€Action€adopted€at€the€2001€WorldÐ tÄ ÐConference€against€Racism,€Racial€Discrimination,€Xenophobia€and€Related€Intolerance,€and€takingÐ `° Ðaccount€of€general€comment€No.€1€on€article€29,€paragraph€1,€of€the€Convention€(aims€of€education).Ð L œ ÐÌòòRespect€for€the€views€of€the€childóóÐ $ t ÐÌ281.€€Taking€note€of€the€efforts€by€the€State€party€to€give€effect€to€the€principle€of€respect€for€theÐ ü L  Ðviews€of€the€child,€in€particular€its€inclusion€in€the€Child€Protection€Code,€the€Committee€isÐ è 8  Ðnevertheless€concerned€that€respect€for€the€views€of€the€child€remains€limited€owing€to€traditionalÐ Ô$  Ðsocietal€attitudes€towards€children€on€the€part€of€schools,€courts,€administrative€bodies,€andÐ À  Ðespecially€the€family.€The€Committee€also€has€concerns€regarding€the€implementation€of€articles€13Ð ¬ü  Ðand€15€(freedom€of€expression,€and€of€association€and€peaceful€assembly).Ð ˜è  ÐÌ282.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð pÀ ÐÌ(a)€€Promote€and€facilitate,€within€the€family,€the€schools,€the€courts€and€administrative€bodies,Ð H˜ Ðrespect€for€the€views€of€children€and€their€participation€in€all€matters€affecting€them,€in€accordanceÐ 4„ Ðwith€article€12€of€the€Convention;Ð  p ÐÌ(b)€€Develop€skills„ÓÓtraining€programmes€in€community€settings€for€teachers,€social€workers,€localÐ øH Ðofficials€and€religious€leaders€to€enable€them€to€assist€children€to€express€their€informed€views€andÐ ä4 Ðopinions€and€to€have€them€taken€into€consideration;€andÐ Ð  ÐÌ(c)€€Seek€assistance€from€UNICEF,€among€others.€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ4.€€òòCivil€rights€and€freedomsóóÐ €Ð ÐÌòòRight€to€freedom€of€expression€and€peaceful€assemblyóóÐ X ¨ ÐÌ283.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€the€right€of€the€child€to€freedom€of€expression,€including€toÐ 0"€  Ðreceive€information,€and€to€freedom€of€association€and€peaceful€assembly€are€not€fully€guaranteedÐ #l! Ðin€practice.Ð $X" ÐÌ284.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€take€all€necessary€measures€to€ensure€the€fullÐ à%0!$ Ðpractical€implementation€of€the€rights€to€freedom€of€expression€and€freedom€of€association€andÐ Ì&"% Ðpeaceful€assembly,€in€accordance€with€articles€13€and€15€of€the€Convention.Ð ¸'#& ÐÌòòRight€to€freedom€of€thought,€conscience€and€religionóóÐ )à$( ÐÌ285.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€about€information€brought€to€its€attention€which€indicates€thatÐ h+¸&* Ðthe€exercise€of€the€right€to€freedom€of€religion€may€not€always€be€fully€guaranteed,€particularly€withÐ T,¤'+ Ðregard€to€regulations€prohibiting€the€wearing€of€a€Ô_ÔheadscarfÔ_Ô€by€girls€in€schools.Ð @-(, ÐÌ286.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€take€all€necessary€measures€to€ensure€the€fullÐ œì Ðimplementation€of€the€right€to€freedom€of€thought,€conscience€and€religion.Ð ˆØ ÐÌòòRight€not€to€be€subjected€to€torture€or€other€cruel,€inhuman€or€degrading€treatment€or€punishmentóóÐ `° ÐÌ287.€€While€noting€the€delegation's€statement€as€to€the€complete€absence€of€torture€or€other€cruel,Ð 8 ˆ Ðinhuman€or€degrading€treatment€or€punishment€in€the€State€party,€the€Committee€remains€extremelyÐ $ t Ðconcerned€at€allegations€of€violations€of€the€right€of€the€child€not€to€be€subjected€to€torture€or€otherÐ  ` Ðcruel,€inhuman€or€degrading€treatment€or€punishment€appearing€in€a€number€of€reports€brought€toÐ ü L  Ðthe€attention€of€the€Committee,€particularly€in€relation€to€children€of€human€rights€defenders€andÐ è 8  Ðpolitical€opponents.Ð Ô$  ÐÌ288.€€In€light€of€article€37€(a)€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€strongly€recommends€that€the€StateÐ ¬ü  Ðparty:Ð ˜è  ÐÌ(a)€€Enforce,€or,€when€appropriate,€review€existing€legislation€and€investigate€in€an€effective€wayÐ pÀ Ðreported€cases€of€torture€and€ill„ÓÓtreatment€of€children;Ð \¬ ÐÌ(b)€€Ensure€that€alleged€perpetrators€are€transferred€from€active€duty€or€suspended€while€they€areÐ 4„ Ðunder€investigation,€dismissed€and€punished€if€convicted,€and€that€court€proceedings€and€sentencesÐ  p Ðare€publicized;Ð  \ ÐÌ(c)€€Train€law€enforcement€personnel€on€child€rights€issues;Ð ä4 ÐÌ(d)€€In€the€light€of€article€39,€take€all€appropriate€measures€to€ensure€the€physical€and€psychologicalÐ ¼  Ðrecovery€and€social€integration€of€child€victims€of€torture€and/or€ill„ÓÓtreatment.€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ5.€€òòFamily€environment€and€alternative€careóóÐ €Ð ÐÌòòViolence/abuse/neglect/maltreatmentóóÐ X ¨ ÐÌ289.€€While€noting€the€provision€in€the€Code€of€Child€Protection€regarding€ill„ÓÓtreatment€(art.€24)€andÐ 0"€  Ðthe€relevant€provision€in€the€Penal€Code€(art.€224),€as€well€as€the€Ministerial€Circular€of€DecemberÐ #l! Ð1997€banning€all€forms€of€corporal€punishment€and€practices€injuring€the€dignity€of€children,€theÐ $X" ÐCommittee€is€concerned€that,€as€noted€by€the€delegation,€corporal€punishment€is€only€a€crime€if€itÐ ô$D # Ðis€prejudicial€to€the€health€of€the€child.€It€notes€with€concern€that€violence€as€a€means€of€disciplineÐ à%0!$ Ðin€the€home€and€at€school€continues€to€be€acceptable€in€the€State€party.€The€Committee€regrets€thatÐ Ì&"% Ðno€follow„ÓÓup€to€the€Committee's€previous€recommendation€has€been€initiated€to€protect€childrenÐ ¸'#& Ðfrom€ill„ÓÓtreatment€(ibid.,€para.€17).€The€Committee€is€furthermore€concerned€that€there€is€insufficientÐ ¤(ô#' Ðinformation€about€and€awareness€of€domestic€violence€and€its€harmful€impact€on€children.Ð )à$( ÐÌ290.€€The€Committee€urges€the€State€party€to:Ð h+¸&* ÐÌ(a)€€Take€all€legislative€measures€to€prohibit€in€the€most€effective€way€possible€all€forms€of€physicalÐ @-(, Ðand€mental€violence,€including€corporal€punishment€and€sexual€abuse,€against€children€in€the€family,Ð ° Ðin€the€schools€and€in€institutions;Ð œì ÐÌand€furthermore€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð tÄ ÐÌ(b)€€Conduct€a€study€to€assess€the€nature€and€extent€of€ill„ÓÓtreatment€and€abuse€of€children,€and€designÐ L œ Ðpolicies€and€programmes€to€address€it;Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ(c)€€Carry€out€public€education€campaigns€about€the€negative€consequences€of€ill„ÓÓtreatment€ofÐ  ` Ðchildren€and€promote€positive,€non„ÓÓviolent€forms€of€discipline€as€an€alternative€to€corporalÐ ü L  Ðpunishment;Ð è 8  ÐÌ(d)€€Establish€effective€procedures€and€mechanisms€to€receive,€monitor€and€investigate€complaints,Ð À  Ðincluding€intervening€where€necessary;Ð ¬ü  ÐÌ(e)€€Investigate€and€prosecute€instances€of€ill„ÓÓtreatment,€ensuring€that€the€abused€child€is€notÐ „Ô  Ðvictimized€in€legal€proceedings€and€that€his/her€privacy€is€protected;Ð pÀ ÐÌ(f)€€Provide€care,€recovery€and€reintegration€for€victims;Ð H˜ ÐÌ(g)€€Train€teachers,€law€enforcement€officials,€care€workers,€judges€and€health€professionals€in€theÐ  p Ðidentification,€reporting€and€management€of€ill„ÓÓtreatment€cases;Ð  \ ÐÌ(h)€€Take€into€consideration€the€recommendations€of€the€Committee€adopted€at€its€days€of€generalÐ ä4 Ðdiscussion€on€children€and€violence€(CRC/C/100,€para.€688€and€CRC/C/111,€paras.€701„ÓÓ745);Ð Ð  ÐÌ(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)€€Seek€assistance€from,€among€others,€UNICEF€and€WHO.€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ6.€€òòBasic€health€and€welfareóóÐ €Ð ÐÌòòChildren€with€disabilitiesóóÐ X ¨ ÐÌ291.€€While€welcoming€the€extensive€legislation€regarding€children€with€disabilities€and€their€rightsÐ 0"€  Ðto€appropriate€education,€rehabilitation€and€training,€the€Committee€regrets€that€only€a€small€numberÐ #l! Ðof€children€with€minor€disabilities€attend€regular€schools.€The€Committee€notes€the€statement€by€theÐ $X" Ðdelegation€that€a€strategy€for€integration€and€vocational€training€for€children€with€disabilities,€as€wellÐ ô$D # Ðas€a€study€on€causes€of€disabilities€are€in€the€process€of€being€completed.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ292.€€The€Committee€urges€the€State€party€to:Ð ¸'#& ÐÌ(a)€€Review€existing€policies€and€practices€in€relation€to€children€with€disabilities,€taking€due€regardÐ )à$( Ðof€the€Standard€Rules€on€the€Equalization€of€Opportunities€for€Persons€with€Disabilities€(GeneralÐ |*Ì%) ÐAssembly€resolution€48/96)€and€of€the€Committee's€recommendations€adopted€on€its€day€of€generalÐ h+¸&* Ðdiscussion€(see€CRC/C/69);Ð T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, Ð(b)€€Undertake€greater€efforts€to€promote€community„ÓÓbased€rehabilitation€programmes€and€inclusiveÐ ° Ðeducation;Ð œì ÐÌ(c)€€Undertake€greater€efforts€in€the€area€of€prevention€by€reviewing,€òòinter€aliaóó,€health€programmesÐ tÄ Ðand€policies€relating€to€pregnancy,€birth€and€child€health;€andÐ `° ÐÌ(d)€€Seek€assistance€from,€among€others,€UNICEF,€WHO,€and€relevant€Ô_ÔNGOsÔ_Ô.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌòòRight€to€health€and€health€careóóÐ  ` ÐÌ293.€€The€Committee€notes€the€sustained€commitment€by€the€State€party€to€implement€its€primaryÐ è 8  Ðhealth€policies€and€the€ensuing€achievements€in€the€area€of€health€care,€notably€the€decrease€by€40Ð Ô$  Ðper€cent€of€infant€and€under„ÓÓ5€mortality€rates€over€the€past€decade,€and€achievements€in€the€area€ofÐ À  Ðvaccinations,€among€others.€While€noting€the€delegation's€statement€that€a€plan€has€been€formulatedÐ ¬ü  Ðto€address€the€issue€of€persisting€regional€and€urban/rural€disparities€in€the€availability€and€qualityÐ ˜è  Ðof€maternal€and€child€health„ÓÓcare€services,€the€Committee€nevertheless€remains€concerned€at€theÐ „Ô  Ðpersistence€of€this€problem€as€well€as€challenges€regarding€the€provision€of€health€services€dealingÐ pÀ Ðwith€the€specific€needs€of€adolescents.Ð \¬ ÐÌ294.€€The€Committee€urges€the€State€party:Ð 4„ ÐÌ(a)€€To€reinforce€its€efforts€to€allocate€appropriate€resources,€and€develop€and€adopt€policies€andÐ  \ Ðprogrammes€to€improve€and€protect€the€health€situation€of€children,€particularly€in€the€rural€regionsÐ øH Ðshowing€the€highest€mortality€indicators;Ð ä4 ÐÌ(b)€€Ensure€equal€access€to€and€the€quality€of€health€care€for€all€children,€independent€of€Ô_ÔsocioÔ_Ô„Ð ¼  ÐÓÓeconomic€factors;Ð ¨ø ÐÌ(c)€€Reinforce€the€capacity€of€the€health€services€to€address€adolescent„ÓÓspecific€needs;Ð €Ð ÐÌ(d)€€Seek€technical€assistance€from,€among€others,€WHO€and€UNICEF.€Ð X ¨ ÐÌ7.€€òòEducation,€leisure€and€cultural€activitiesóóÐ 0"€  ÐÌòòEducationóóÐ $X" ÐÌ295.€€While€welcoming€the€State€party's€commitment€to€making€basic€education€a€priority€andÐ à%0!$ Ðachieving€virtually€universal€access€to€education,€the€Committee€remains€concerned€at€the€repetitionÐ Ì&"% Ðand€dropout€rates,€which,€while€decreasing,€continue€to€pose€a€significant€challenge€to€theÐ ¸'#& Ðeducational€system.€The€Committee€is€furthermore€concerned€at€regional€disparities€in€education€asÐ ¤(ô#' Ðwell€as€at€the€disparity€in€the€illiteracy€rate€between€urban€and€rural€areas€as€well€as€genderÐ )à$( Ðdisparities.€The€Committee€is€furthermore€concerned€at€the€low€enrolment€in€early€childhoodÐ |*Ì%) Ðeducation€and€the€decrease€of€public€early€childhood€education€centres€which€may€result€inÐ h+¸&* Ðdiscrimination€on€the€basis€of€income€level.Ð T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, Ð296.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð ° ÐÌ(a)€€Take€all€appropriate€measures,€including€the€allocation€of€adequate€financial,€human€andÐ ˆØ Ðtechnical€resources,€to€further€improve€education,€as€stipulated€in€articles€28€and€29€of€theÐ tÄ ÐConvention,€both€with€regard€to€quality€as€well€as€relevance,€taking€into€account€general€commentÐ `° ÐNo.€1€on€article€29,€paragraph€1€(aims€of€education),€and€to€ensure€that€all€children€enjoy€the€rightÐ L œ Ðto€education;Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ(b)€€Seek€to€implement€additional€measures€to€promote€early€childhood€education€and€to€encourageÐ  ` Ðchildren€to€stay€in€school,€and€adopt€effective€measures€to€reduce€illiteracy€rates;Ð ü L  ÐÌ(c)€€Continue€cooperation€with€UNESCO€and€UNICEF€in€improving€the€education€sector.€Ð Ô$  ÐÌ8.€€òòSpecial€measures€of€protectionóóÐ ¬ü  ÐÌòòEconomic€exploitationóóÐ „Ô  ÐÌ297.€€While€welcoming€the€various€measures€taken€to€address€child€labour,€the€Committee€isÐ \¬ Ðconcerned€about€the€lack€of€specific€data€and€activities€concerning€child€labour€in€the€State€party.Ð H˜ ÐÌ298.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð  p ÐÌ(a)€€Take€all€necessary€measures€to€effectively€prevent€and€combat€child€labour;€andÐ øH ÐÌ(b)€€Report€in€the€next€periodic€report€on€the€nature€and€magnitude€of€child€labour€as€well€as€theÐ Ð  Ðmeasures€taken€for€the€implementation€of€ILO€Conventions€Nos.€138€and€182.Ð ¼  ÐÌòòSexual€exploitationóóÐ ”ä ÐÌ299.€€While€welcoming€the€State€party's€strict€criminal€legislation€regarding€sexual€abuse€andÐ l¼ Ðexploitation€of€children,€the€Committee€is€concerned€at€reports€indicating€its€existence€in€the€StateÐ X ¨ Ðparty,€both€in€the€home€and€on€the€street.€The€Committee€is€further€concerned€at€the€insufficient€dataÐ D!” Ðon€and€awareness€of€the€extent€of€sexual€abuse€and€exploitation€of€children€in€Tunisia.Ð 0"€  ÐÌ300.€€In€light€of€article€34€and€other€related€articles€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€recommendsÐ $X" Ðthat€the€State€party€undertake€studies€with€a€view€to€determining€the€extent€of€sexual€exploitationÐ ô$D # Ðof€children,€including€prostitution€and€pornography,€and€implement€appropriate€policies€andÐ à%0!$ Ðprogrammes€for€its€prevention€and€for€the€rehabilitation,€recovery€and€reintegration€of€child€victims,Ð Ì&"% Ðin€accordance€with€the€Declaration€and€Agenda€for€Action€and€the€Global€Commitment€adopted€atÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€1996€and€2001€World€Congresses€against€Commercial€Sexual€Exploitation€of€Children.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌÌòòAdministration€of€justiceóóÐ h+¸&* ÐÌ301.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€adoption€of€the€Child€Protection€Code€as€well€as€other€legalÐ @-(, Ðprovisions€in€the€area€of€juvenile€justice.€However,€the€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€failure€of€theÐ ° ÐState€party€to€guarantee€full€implementation€of€all€provisions€(e.g.€the€fact€that€juvenile€courts€haveÐ œì Ðnot€yet€been€established),€in€light€of€reports€of€detention€and€ill„ÓÓtreatment€of€children,€as€well€asÐ ˆØ Ðdetention€of€juveniles€with€adults€which€has€allegedly€resulted€in€sexual€abuse€or€other€ill„ÓÓtreatment.Ð tÄ ÐÌ302.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð L œ ÐÌ(a)€€Ensure€the€full€implementation€of€the€legislation€governing€the€juvenile€justice€system,€inÐ $ t Ðaccordance€with€articles€37,€40€and€39€and€all€other€relevant€provisions€of€the€Convention,€as€wellÐ  ` Ðas€other€relevant€international€standards€in€this€area,€such€as€the€Beijing€Rules,€the€RiyadhÐ ü L  ÐGuidelines,€the€United€Nations€Rules€for€the€Protection€of€Juveniles€Deprived€of€their€Liberty€andÐ è 8  Ðthe€Vienna€Guidelines€for€Action€on€Children€in€the€Criminal€Justice€System;Ð Ô$  ÐÌ(b)€€Ensure€that€deprivation€of€liberty€is€used€only€as€a€measure€of€last€resort;€that€children€haveÐ ¬ü  Ðaccess€to€legal€aid€and€independent€and€effective€complaints€mechanisms;€and€that€persons€underÐ ˜è  Ð18€are€not€detained€with€adults;Ð „Ô  ÐÌ(c)€€Treat€children€or€juveniles€in€conflict€with€the€law€and€children€or€juveniles€at€risk€in€a€differentÐ \¬ Ðand€distinct€manner€so€that€they€are€not€placed€in€the€same€institutions€with€the€same€regime€orÐ H˜ Ðrestrictions;€andÐ 4„ ÐÌ(d)€€Seek€assistance€from,€among€others,€Ô_ÔOHCHRÔ_Ô,€the€Centre€for€International€Crime€Prevention,Ð  \ Ðthe€International€Network€on€Juvenile€Justice€and€UNICEF,€through€the€Coordination€Panel€onÐ øH ÐJuvenile€Justice.€Ð ä4 ÐÌ9.€€òòOptional€Protocols€to€the€ConventionóóÐ ¼  ÐÌ303.€€The€Committee€encourages€the€State€party€to€ratify€the€Optional€Protocols€to€the€ConventionÐ ”ä Ðon€the€Rights€of€the€Child€on€the€sale€of€children,€child€prostitution€and€child€pornography,€and€onÐ €Ð Ðthe€involvement€of€children€in€armed€conflict.€Ð l¼ ÐÌ10.€€òòDissemination€of€documentationóóÐ D!” ÐÌ304.€€Finally,€the€Committee€recommends€that€in€accordance€with€article€44,€paragraph€6,€of€theÐ #l! ÐConvention,€the€second€periodic€report€of€the€State€party€be€made€widely€available€to€the€public€atÐ $X" Ðlarge€and€that€consideration€be€given€to€its€publication€along€with€the€written€answers€to€the€list€ofÐ ô$D # Ðissues€raised€by€the€Committee,€the€relevant€summary€records€of€the€discussion€and€the€concludingÐ à%0!$ Ðobservations€adopted€by€the€Committee€following€its€consideration€of€the€report.€Such€a€documentÐ Ì&"% Ðshould€be€widely€distributed€in€order€to€generate€debate€and€awareness€of€the€Convention€and€itsÐ ¸'#& Ðimplementation€and€monitoring€within€the€Government,€the€Parliament€and€the€general€public,Ð ¤(ô#' Ðincluding€concerned€non„ÓÓgovernmental€organizations.ÔUS.,UK.,«!Ô