ÿWPCâ  ¬§_Ê© ä¡ ”!ç×9Ymâ ,D( oÆ"“9­Ì¯à©ï_@m1û"Äu,TdÔ€T4ÇØ€k用V+ñüÂí½Ûdº«%ÞØMâ%Ù¢äÏ÷1œ`µ8ö´/òá.ÄnÛÔ`;Ã~é¸õ(Ð!Uå4æüJµY¾ˆ©Z ©]lYã àòî^¦{Õ=ž)q­yÂÖâ_a½¡¶ä…¦¥HüjË Ä̲4í¨òù‹É*±J3oQÐSWx Mr•¿.¡Š<–ÐE&~ÔW…ïAcßM"ýf$G Óÿe¼Mcgù¥-A%͌䬠›‘Þ2tn¸ñqõ¤1‰\ÉRûÅ£¨pèL$jL ü“^S§‘9ÓÎT­{ loòYã%&ÿVÆ,—^^Ò¤ÌËi¾ læØ`µÎæÊÅÎ@z­“>˜^cƒDŸMì oýaAŸ>¯åMÔÅÅÿ%‹õ^ %Ùy(âUÚË¢¯‘xâ6?£Öa^à ˆm ®AZ6u‚„ÏßõSólm œóâ؉g5Àຸ÷_DòégÚ7—ìMñˆ&âFcë† 4>pgöl‚Úö¾8|žêDfÖ•iåð.êY¡ˆ& ÅQðãp]#ÁUN× %% 0r+ ^ w© 4­ Á Ð mÒ 1ué 72^ 1‡ f a N- 72/ 0 ca 0 wÄ 0Š; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; BÅ ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - StandardÈÐððÈÐ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(J¨$¡¡Ó  ÓÔ€XïXXXÔÔ€XïXXXïÔy2, tQ+ê:i¢Ø+003|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a) i)05HCEKQW]cioAutoList1I.A.I.I.I.I.I.I.œTABLE B I.(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à(Oé;$µµà0  àÔ2#ÔÚ  ÚaÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#à(b·¤$¶¶à0  àà0` (#(#àÔ2#ÔÚ  ÚÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#à dÝ ƒ¨!ÝÓ  ÓÔ€XvXXXÔÔ€XvXXXvÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔUKUS.,ÔÓ  ÓÔ‡¼Q»XXvÔò òTURKEY€ó óÔ#†XvX»¼Q“#ÔÐ ° ÐÓ‡Óò òÌCAT€€Article€20€Examinations€Re:€Systematic€TortureÔUS.,UK.,uÔÔUKUS.,ÔÐ ¸ ÐÌCAT€€A/48/44/Add.1ó óÐ ˜è ÐÌACTIVITIES€OF€THE€COMMITTEE€AGAINST€TORTURE€PURSUANT€TO€ARTICLE€20€OFÐ x È ÐTHE€CONVENTION€AGAINST€TORTURE€AND€OTHER€CRUEL,€INHUMAN€ORÐ h ¸ ÐDEGRADING€TREATMENT€OR€PUNISHMENT€Ð X ¨ ÐÌòòSummary€account€of€the€results€of€the€proceedings€concerning€the€inquiry€on€TurkeyóóÐ 8ˆ  ÐÌÓ  Ó[18€February€1994]Ð h  ÐÌÓ  ÓCONTENTSÐ øH  ÐÓ  Óà  àà ` àÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àòòà x àParagraphsÐ Ø( ÐÌóóÓ€ (5H03 ÓÝ"‚3£"ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£§ÝÔ25HÔÚ  ÚIÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝINTRODUCTIONà0(#(#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à1€„€2݃3£§Ô݌иx(#x(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ"‚3£"ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£"ÝÔ25HÔÚ  ÚIIÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝDEVELOPMENT€OF€THE€PROCEDUREà0(#(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à3€„€21݃3£"O݌Иèx(#x(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ"‚3£"ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£sÝÔ25HÔÚ  ÚIIIÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝCONCLUSIONS€OF€THE€COMMITTEEà0(#(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à22€„€56݃3£s ÝŒÐxÈx(#x(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ"‚é;"ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚é;ÆÝà0  àÔ25HÔÚ  ÚAÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝLegal€rulesà0` (#` (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à22€„€35݃é;ÆóÝŒÐX¨x(#x(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ"‚é;"ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚é;V Ýà0  àÔ25HÔÚ  ÚBÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝAllegations€received€during€the€inquiryà0p` (#` (#àà0Èp(#p(#àà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à36€„€49݃é;V ƒ ÝŒÐ8ˆx(#x(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ"‚é;"ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚é;² Ýà0  àÔ25HÔÚ  ÚCÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝPlaces€of€detention€under€the€authority€of€the݃é;² ß ÝŒÐh` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  Ýà  àà ` àMinistry€of€the€Interiorà0 À àà0À(#À(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à50€„€53Ð Xx(#x(# ÐÌà  àD.€à0 ` àPlaces€of€detention€under€the€authority€of€theÐè!8` (#` (# Ðà  àà ` àMinistry€of€Justiceà0 h àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à54€„€56ÐØ"( x(#x(# ÐÌÝ"‚3£"ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚3£ÂÝÔ25HÔÚ  ÚIVÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝFINAL€STATEMENTà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àà0 È(#È(#àà0x (# (#à57€„€59݃3£Âï݌и$ "x(#x(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÌÌÌÐ  h)¸$' ÐÔ_ÔI.€€INTRODUCTIONÐ ° ÐÓ  ÓÌ1.€€Turkey€ratified€the€Convention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€DegradingÐ à ÐTreatment€or€Punishment€(General€Assembly€resolution€39/46,€annex)€on€2€August€1988.€€It€did€notÐ €Ð Ðat€that€time€declare€that€it€did€not€recognize€the€competence€of€the€Committee€against€tortureÐ pÀ Ðprovided€for€in€article€20€of€the€Convention,€as€it€was€permitted€to€do€by€the€provision€contained€inÐ ` ° Ðarticle€28,€paragraph€1,€of€the€Convention.Ð P   ÐÌ2.€€The€application€to€Turkey€of€the€confidential€procedure€provided€for€in€article€20,€paragraphs€1Ð 0 € Ðto€4,€of€the€Convention€began€in€April€1990€and€ended€in€November€1992.€€In€accordance€withÐ  p  Ðarticle€20,€paragraph€5,€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee,€after€consultations€with€the€State€partyÐ `  Ðconcerned€in€April€1993,€decided,€on€9€November€1993,€to€include€in€the€present€addendum€to€itsÐ P  Ðsixth€annual€report€òò1óó/€the€following€account€of€the€results€of€the€proceedings€relating€to€the€inquiryÐ ð@  Ðof€Turkey.€€The€decision€was€taken€unanimously.Ð à0  ÐÌII.€€DEVELOPMENT€OF€THE€PROCEDUREÐ À ÐÌ3.€€At€its€fourth€session,€in€April€1990,€the€Committee€against€torture€examined€in€closed€session€theÐ  ð Ðinformation€on€the€systematic€practice€of€torture€in€Turkey,€which€had€been€communicated€to€it,Ð à Ðpursuant€to€article€20€of€the€Convention,€by€Amnesty€International.€Ð €Ð ÐÌ4.€€When€it€examined€that€information,€the€Committee€also€had€before€it€other€informationÐ `° Ðconcerning€allegations€of€torture€in€Turkey€originating€from€non„governmental€sources€and€from€theÐ P  Ðreport€of€the€Special€Rapporteur€of€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€on€questions€relating€toÐ @ Ðtorture.€òò2óó/€€In€addition,€it€had€before€it€a€letter€of€20€April€1990€addressed€to€its€Chairman€by€theÐ 0€ ÐPermanent€Representative€of€Turkey€to€the€United€Nations€Office€at€Geneva.Ð  p ÐÌ5.€€After€preliminary€consideration€of€the€information€received,€the€Committee€found€that€it€wasÐ P Ðcredible€and€contained€well„founded€indications€that€torture€was€practised€systemically€in€Turkey.€Ð ð@ ÐAccordingly,€on€4€May€1990,€it€invited€the€Government€of€Turkey€to€cooperate€in€the€examinationÐ à0 Ðof€that€information€and€to€transmit€its€observations€to€it€before€31€August€1990.Ð Ð  ÐÌ6.€€On€31€August€1990,€the€Government€stated€that€it€considered€the€Committeeððs€action€to€exceedÐ °"  Ðthe€powers€conferred€on€it€under€the€Convention.Ð  #ð! ÐÌ7.€€At€its€fifth€and€sixth€sessions,€in€November€1990€and€April€1991,€the€Committee€rejected€theÐ €%Ð # ÐGovernment€of€Turkeyððs€arguments€and€reiterated€its€invitation€to€the€Government€to€cooperate€inÐ p&À!$ Ðthe€examination€of€the€information€received.€€It€was€refused€such€cooperation.ÔUS.,UK.,XÔÔUKUS.,ÔÐ `'°"% ÐÔUS.,UK.,ÄÔÔUKUS.,ÔÌÓ|ÓÓ  Ó8.€€At€its€sixth€session,€the€Committee€decided€to€instruct€Mr.€Voyame,€its€Chairman,€and€Mr.€Perlas,Ð @)$' Ðto€analyse€the€information€concerning€Turkey€communicated€pursuant€to€article€20€of€theÔUS.,UK.,ÔÔUKUS.,ÔÐ 0*€%( ÐÓ(ÓÓÓ_________________Ð  +p&) Ðòòà0  à1óó/€òòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Forty„eighth€Session,€Supplement€No.€44óóÐ ,`'* Ð(A/48/44).Ð-P(+(#(# Ðà  àòò2óó/€E/CN.4/1990/17.ÔUS.,UK.,ÔÔUKUS.,ÔÐ ð-@), ЇConvention,€and€invited€them€to€submit€to€it€a€report€and€proposals€for€further€action€on€thatÐ ° Ðquestion.€€New€reports€of€acts€of€torture€in€Turkey€had€been€transmitted€to€the€Committee€in€1991Ð  ð Ðby€non„governmental€sources.Ð à ÐÌ9.€€Following€the€report€and€recommendations€of€Mr.€Voyame€and€Mr.€Perlas,€the€Committee,€at€itsÐ pÀ Ðseventh€session€in€November€1991,€decided€to€undertake€a€confidential€inquiry€and€designated€Mr.Ð ` ° ÐDipanda€Mouelle€and€Mr.€Voyame€for€that€purpose,€Mr.€Perlas€having€informed€the€Committee€thatÐ P   Ðhe€was€unable€to€participate€in€the€inquiry.Ð @  ÐÌ10.€€The€Committee€also€decided€to€request€the€Government€of€Turkey€to€give€its€consent€to€a€visitÐ  p  Ðby€the€members€of€the€Committee€designated€to€make€the€inquiry€in€Turkey,€and€expressed€the€wishÐ `  Ðthat€the€visit€might€take€place€in€February€1992.Ð P  ÐÌ11.€€The€new€Government,€appointed€in€November€1991€following€parliamentary€elections,€statedÐ à0  Ðthat€it€was€not€opposed€to€the€proposed€visit€by€Mr.€Dipanda€Mouelle€and€Mr.€Voyame.€€ItÐ Ð  Ðnevertheless€òòóóconsidered€that€it€would€be€preferable€for€the€visit€by€the€two€Committee€membersÐ À Ðmaking€the€inquiry€to€take€place€after€February€1992.Ð ° ÐÌ12.€€After€consultations€on€this€question€between€Mr.€Dipanda€Mouelle,€Mr.€Voyame€and€theÐ à ÐTurkish€authorities,€the€mission€to€Turkey€was€scheduled€for€6€to€18€June€1992.€€Before€the€mission,Ð €Ð ÐMr.€Dipanda€Mouelle,€Mr.€Voyame€and€representatives€of€the€Government€of€Turkey,€held€severalÐ pÀ Ðmeetings€in€connection€with€the€inquiry.Ð `° ÐÌ13.€€Mr.€Dipanda€Mouelle€and€Mr.€Voyame€visited€Turkey€during€the€period€agreed€on.€€At€Ankara,Ð @ Ðthey€held€talks€with€the€Minister€for€Foreign€Affairs,€the€Minister€of€Justice,€the€Minister€of€theÐ 0€ ÐInterior€and€the€Minister€for€Human€Rights,€and€with€other€senior€officials€in€the€TurkishÐ  p ÐAdministration.€€They€also€held€talks€with€judicial€officials,€such€as€the€President€and€Vice„PresidentÐ ` Ðof€the€Constitutional€Court€and€the€Government€Procurator€for€Ankara,€and€with€several€membersÐ P Ðof€the€Human€Rights€Commission€of€the€Great€National€Assembly€(Turkish€parliament).€Ð ð@ ÐÌ14.€€At€Diyarbakir,€the€Committee€members€making€the€inquiry€held€talks€with€the€local€civil€andÐ Ð  Ðmilitary€authorities,€among€others,€and€with€the€regional€prefect€responsible€for€enforcing€the€stateÐ À! Ðof€emergency.Ð °"  ÐÌ15.€€During€their€mission,€the€Committee€members€making€the€inquiry€visited€in€Ankara€andÐ $à" ÐDiyarbakir€places€of€detention€under€the€authority€of€the€Ministry€of€the€Interior€and€places€ofÐ €%Ð # Ðdetention€under€the€authority€of€the€Ministry€of€Justice.€€They€were€able€to€talk€freely€with€prisoners,Ð p&À!$ Ðbut€were€denied€access€to€certain€Ministry€of€the€Interior€premises€at€Diyarbakir.€€In€both€cities,€theyÐ `'°"% Ðheld€talks€with€officials€and€members€of€five€Turkish€non„governmental€human€rights€organizations,Ð P( #& Ðand€with€several€private€individuals.€A€medical€expert€accompanied€them€and€conductedÐ @)$' Ðexaminations€on€alleged€victims€of€torture.Ð 0*€%( ÐÌ16.€€Mr.€Dipanda€Mouelle€and€Mr.€Voyame€reported€to€the€Committee€at€its€ninth€session,€inÐ ,`'* ÐNovember€1992.€€Their€report€contained€the€information€they€had€received€between€19€NovemberÐ -P(+ Ð1991,€the€date€on€which€the€Committee€had€decided€to€initiate€the€confidential€inquiry,€and€15Ð ð-@), ÐOctober€1992.Ð ° ÐÌ17.€€On€16€November€1992,€the€Committee€endorsed€the€conclusions€relating€to€the€inquiry€whichÐ à Ðthe€two€designated€members€had€submitted€to€it,€decided€to€transmit€the€report€and€conclusions€toÐ €Ð Ðthe€Government€of€Turkey,€and€invited€that€Government€to€inform€the€Committee,€before€31€JanuaryÐ pÀ Ð1993,€of€the€measures€it€intended€to€take€concerning€the€Committeeððs€conclusions€relating€to€theÐ ` ° Ðinquiry.Ð P   ÐÌ18.€€The€replies€of€the€Government€of€Turkey,€together€with€its€observations€on€the€inquiry€report,Ð 0 € Ðwere€transmitted€to€the€Committee€on€19€March€and€2€April€1993,€and€were€considered€by€theÐ  p  ÐCommittee€at€its€tenth€session,€in€April€1993.Ð `  ÐÌ19.€€At€that€session,€the€Committee,€having€completed€all€the€proceedings€relating€to€the€inquiry,€onÐ ð@  Ð20€April€1993€invited€the€Government€of€Turkey€to€inform€the€Committee€of€its€views€on€theÐ à0  Ðquestion€whether€a€summary€account€of€the€results€of€the€inquiry€should€be€included€in€its€annualÐ Ð  Ðreport€to€States€parties€and€the€General€Assembly.€€The€Committee€also€invited€the€Government€ofÐ À ÐTurkey€to€communicate€its€opinion€on€that€question€before€the€end€of€its€tenth€session,€that€is,€beforeÐ ° Ð30€April€1993,€or€by€30€June€1993€at€the€latest.Ð  ð ÐÌ20.€€At€the€request€of€the€Government€of€Turkey,€the€consultations€were€held€on€27€April€1993€atÐ €Ð Ða€closed€meeting€of€the€Committee.€€The€representatives€whom€Turkey€had€designated€for€thatÐ pÀ Ðpurpose€explained€that,€in€their€Governmentððs€view,€there€was€no€justification€for€publishing€aÐ `° Ðsummary€account€of€the€results€of€the€proceedings€relating€to€the€inquiry€in€the€Committeeððs€annualÐ P  Ðreport.€Ð @ ÐÌ21.€€The€Committee,€in€view€of€the€number€and€seriousness€of€the€allegations€of€torture€in€TurkeyÐ  p Ðwhich€it€has€received,€and€in€view€of€the€findings€on€that€question€by€the€Committee€membersÐ ` Ðmaking€the€inquiry€and€the€Committeeððs€conclusions,€and€having€considered€the€replies€andÐ P Ðobservations€of€the€Turkish€authorities,€is€convinced€that€such€publication€is€necessary€in€order€toÐ ð@ Ðencourage€full€respect€for€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€in€Turkey.Ð à0 ÐÌIII.€€CONCLUSIONS€OF€THE€COMMITTEE€Ð À! ÐÌA.€€òòLegal€rulesóóÐ  #ð! ÐÌ22.€€In€the€course€of€the€inquiry,€the€Committee€considered€the€bill€amending€the€Code€of€CriminalÐ €%Ð # ÐProcedure,€the€Security€Courts€(Constitution€and€Procedure)€Act,€the€Anti„Terrorism€Act€of€12€AprilÐ p&À!$ Ð1991€and€the€Police€(Functions€and€Powers)€Act,€the€latter€Act€having€been€submitted€by€theÐ `'°"% ÐGovernment€to€parliament€on€26€April€1992.€€Among€the€major€provisions€of€the€bill€was€a€sharpÐ P( #& Ðreduction€in€the€duration€of€police€custody€and€provisions€enabling€lawyers€to€meet€the€personÐ @)$' Ðarrested€at€the€commencement€of€police€custody.€Ð 0*€%( ÐÌ23.€€On€16€November€1992,€the€date€on€which€the€Committee€adopted€its€conclusions€on€the€inquiry,Ð ,`'* Ðthat€bill€had€not€yet€been€enacted€by€the€Turkish€parliament,€the€Committee€having€expressed€theÐ -P(+ Ðview€that€its€rapid€enactment€was€essential.€€It€had€also€expressed€the€view€that€the€role€of€lawyersÐ ð-@), Ðand€the€duration€of€police€custody,€as€provided€for€in€the€bill,€must€as€soon€as€possible€be€translatedÐ ° Ðinto€regulations€for€general€and€immediate€implementation.€Ð  ð ÐÌ24.€€The€revised€version€of€the€bill€was€enacted€by€the€Turkish€parliament€on€18€November€1992,Ð €Ð Ðthe€Act€(No.€3842)€entered€into€force€on€1€December€1992.Ð pÀ ÐÌ25.€€The€Committee€takes€note€with€satisfaction€of€the€provisions€of€Act€No.€3842€concerning€policeÐ P   Ðcustody,€notably€the€reduction€of€its€duration,€and€of€the€provisions€concerning€the€intervention€andÐ @  Ðrole€of€lawyers€in€defending€a€person€who€has€been€charged€or€a€person€held€in€police€custody.€€ItÐ 0 € Ðconsiders€that€those€provisions€and€their€effective€implementation€may€help€to€protect€a€detaineeÐ  p  Ðfrom€acts€of€torture€and€ill„treatment.€€It€also€takes€note,€with€satisfaction,€of€the€reduction€effectedÐ `  Ðby€Act€No.€3842€in€the€number€of€offences€falling€within€the€competence€of€the€State€SecurityÐ P  ÐCourts.€€It€nevertheless€regrets€that€persons€arrested€or€detained€in€connection€with€an€offence€withinÐ ð@  Ðthe€competence€of€those€Courts€(crimes€against€the€State,€crimes€connected€with€terrorism,€firearmsÐ à0  Ðor€drugs)€remain€deprived€by€the€Act€of€most€of€the€guarantees€enumerated€in€it.€€It€considers€thatÐ Ð  Ðthe€maximum€time„limit€of€30€days€for€police€custody,€applicable€to€persons€captured€or€arrested€inÐ À Ðregions€under€a€state€of€emergency€before€they€are€brought€before€a€judge,€is€excessive€and€mayÐ ° Ðleave€room€for€acts€of€torture€by€the€security€forces.Ð  ð ÐÌ26.€€The€Committee€takes€note€with€satisfaction€of€the€provisions€of€Act€No.€3842€concerningÐ €Ð Ðinterrogation€procedures€and€the€collection€of€testimony€and€prohibiting€ill„treatment,€torture€andÐ pÀ Ðother€physical€or€mental€violence.€€It€also€welcomes€the€provisions€concerning€the€inadmissibilityÐ `° Ðof€statements€obtained€under€duress.€€Those€provisions€legally€reinforce€and€supplement€theÐ P  Ðprovisions€which€already€exist€in€Turkish€law,€and€those€contained€in€the€Ministry€of€the€InteriorððsÐ @ Ðadministrative€regulations€of€6€August€1991€relating€to€interrogation€procedures.€€The€CommitteeÐ 0€ Ðnotes€that€no€provision€of€Act€No.€3842€relates€to€the€right€of€a€detainee€in€police€custody€to€haveÐ  p Ðaccess€to€a€doctor€of€his€choice,€a€right€which€is€nevertheless€set€forth€in€the€Ministry€of€theÐ ` ÐInteriorððs€administrative€regulations€of€22€September€1992€concerning€the€conditions€of€detentionÐ P Ðof€persons€in€police€custody.Ð ð@ ÐÌ27.€€The€Committee€considered€that€the€procedure€for€the€forensic€examination€of€persons€in€policeÐ Ð  Ðcustody€should€be€completely€separate€from€the€police€element;€persons€undergoing€examinationÐ À! Ðshould€be€examined€outside€the€place€of€detention€and€the€contents€of€the€medical€report€should€notÐ °"  Ðbe€made€known€to€the€personnel€responsible€for€police€custody.€€In€addition,€persons€in€policeÐ  #ð! Ðcustody€should€be€able€to€request€that€a€medical€certificate€be€prepared€by€a€doctor€of€their€choiceÐ $à" Ðin€any€circumstances,€and€it€should€be€possible€for€that€certificate€to€be€produced€as€evidence€beforeÐ €%Ð # Ðthe€courts.Ð p&À!$ ÐÌ28.€€A€judge€who€receives€a€complaint€concerning€statements€obtained€under€duress€should€beÐ P( #& Ðinstructed€to€examine€in€substance€the€lawfulness€of€such€ð ðevidenceðð€without€awaiting€the€outcomeÐ @)$' Ðof€a€related€procedure€that€is€far€too€long.€€In€addition,€government€procurators€appointed€to€makeÐ 0*€%( Ðinquiries€into€allegations€of€torture€or€ill„treatment,€in€accordance€with€the€provisions€of€the€TurkishÐ  +p&) ÐCode€of€Criminal€Procedure,€should€act€promptly€and€effectively;€they€should€be€given€preciseÐ ,`'* Ðinstructions€on€this€question,€in€accordance€with€article€12€of€the€Convention.Ð -P(+ ÐÐ ð-@), Ð29.€€As€to€the€measures€for€general€and€immediate€implementation€of€Act€No.€3842€desired€by€theÐ ° ÐCommittee,€the€Government€of€Turkey€has€informed€the€Committee€that€the€Minister€of€the€Interior,Ð  ð Ðin€a€circular€concerning€implementation€of€the€Act€addressed€to€the€authorities€concerned,€has€givenÐ à Ðthe€necessary€instructions€to€ensure€that€the€responsible€officials€will€be€duly€informed€of€the€newÐ €Ð Ðlegislation€in€a€training€programme,€and€that€the€provisions€in€question€will€be€implementedÐ pÀ Ðimmediately€and€that€practice€very€closely€monitored€in€order€to€avoid€any€lapse.€€The€GovernmentÐ ` ° Ðhas€also€provided€the€following€statistical€information€which€concerns€suspects€held€in€policeÐ P   Ðcustody€before€and€after€the€entry€into€force€of€Act€No.€3842:Ð @  ÐÓVÓÌÌÔ*’ƒddd Xdd Xdd X°(#°(#’ÔÔ,„dd ÔÔ,%dd ÔÔ,Ïdd ÔÔ+  ÔÐ ` `  ……Ðòò1€November€1992€„€1€December€1992óóÐ  tÄ  ÐÐ  øH  ÐÐ  øH  „„ÐÐ øH 3 ÐÐ  |Ì  ÐNumber€of€suspects€held€in€police€custodyÐ  |Ì  „„Ð8€613Ð |Ì 3 ÐÐ  P ÐNumber€of€suspects€held€in€pre„trial€detentionÐ  P „„Ð1€991Ð P3 ÐÐ  „Ô ÐNumber€of€suspects€releasedÐ  „Ô „„Ð6€622Ð „Ô3 ÐÐ  X ÐNumber€of€suspects€who€received€the€assistance€of€a€lawyerÐ ) X „„‰€_@‰)Ð126Ð (X3€_@ (ÐÐ  ŒÜ ÐÐ  ŒÜ „„ÐÐ "ŒÜ3 ……"Ðòò1€December€1992€„€1€January€1993óóÐ  ` ÐÐ  ”ä ÐÐ  ”ä  „„ÐÐ ”ä!3 ÐÐ  h" ÐNumber€of€suspects€held€in€police€custodyÐ  h# „„Ð7€593Ð h$3 ÐÐ  œì% ÐNumber€of€suspects€held€in€pre„trial€detentionÐ  œì& „„Ð1€123Ð œì'3 ÐÐ   p( ÐNumber€of€suspects€releasedÐ   p) „„Ð6€470Ð  p*3 ÐÐ  ¤ ô+ ÐNumber€of€suspects€who€received€the€assistance€of€a€lawyerÐ ) ¤ ô, „„‰8@‰)Ð999Ð," ¤ ô-3 8@ ,ÐÌÓ  ÓÌ30.€€In€addition,€the€Government€stated€that€the€human€rights€manual€used€on€courses€in€policeÐ ¤#ô/ Ðcolleges€had€been€amended€to€reflect€Act€No.€3842€and€to€include€the€necessary€instructionsÐ ”$ä0 Ðconcerning€implementation€of€its€provisions.Ð „%Ô 1 ÐÌ31.€€The€Committee€considered€that€the€information€on€the€measures€for€implementation€of€Act€No.Ð d'´"3 Ð3842,€transmitted€to€it€by€the€Government€of€Turkey€in€March€1993,€that€is,€about€four€months€afterÐ T(¤#4 Ðthe€Actððs€entry€into€force,€is€encouraging.€€It€further€believes€that€strict€supervision€of€theÐ D)”$5 Ðimplementation€of€the€Act€should€be€exercised€over€the€long€term€and€that€effective€penalties€shouldÐ 4*„%6 Ðbe€imposed€for€any€violation€of€the€Act.Ð $+t&7 ÐÌ32.€€In€November€1992,€the€Committee€expressed€a€desire€to€be€informed€of€the€measures€taken€inÐ -T(9 ÐTurkey€to€implement€the€Constitutional€Court€order€of€31€March€1992€intended€to€abolish€or€amendÐ ° Ða€number€of€provisions€of€the€Anti„Terrorism€Act,€in€particular,€those€of€article€15€(3)€providing€thatÐ  ð Ðan€administrative€inquiry€should€be€conducted€by€the€prefectural€commissions€before€(public)€courtÐ à Ðproceedings€were€instituted€against€a€public€official€accused€of€torture.Ð €Ð ÐÌ33.€€The€Government€stated€that€the€order€of€31€March€1992€had€entered€into€force€on€27€JanuaryÐ ` ° Ð1993€and€that,€in€particular,€as€from€that€date€a€public€official€accused€of€torture€would€be€liable€toÐ P   Ðpublic€proceedings€in€accordance€with€the€normal€procedure.Ð @  ÐÌ34.€€It€added€that,€during€the€period€from€1€January€to€30€August€1992,€115€investigations€had€beenÐ  p  Ðinitiated€concerning€547€persons€suspected€of€perpetrating€torture€or€ill„treatment,€and€that€355Ð `  Ðprosecutions€had€been€instituted€against€450€persons€accused€of€those€offences.Ð P  ÐÌ35.€€The€Committee,€having€analysed€the€information€and€testimony€received€from€different€sourcesÐ à0  Ðduring€the€inquiry,€wishes€to€emphasize€that€penalties€imposed€by€the€courts€on€torturers€should€notÐ Ð  Ðbe€nullified€by€means€of€administrative€promotions.€€It€further€considers€that€the€scale€of€penaltiesÐ À Ðfor€acts€of€torture€should€be€clearly€reassessed€by€the€legislature.€€Torturers€should€not€feel€that€theyÐ ° Ðare€in€a€position€of€virtual€immunity€from€the€law.Ð  ð ÐÌB.€€òòAllegations€received€during€the€inquiryóóÐ €Ð ÐÌ36.€€The€Committee€wishes€to€state€that€it€has€received€numerous€allegations€of€torture€in€TurkeyÐ `° Ðoriginating€mainly€from€five€international€non„governmental€organizations€and€five€Turkish€non„Ð P  Ðgovernmental€organizations€engaged€in€action€to€promote€respect€for€human€rights.€€The€reportÐ @ Ðwhich€the€Committee€members€making€the€inquiry€addressed€to€it€also€contains€detailed€informationÐ 0€ Ðon€dozens€of€testimonies€which€they€gathered€within€and€outside€places€of€detention€during€theirÐ  p Ðmission€to€Turkey€from€6€to€18€June€1992.€€In€addition,€the€Committee€has€received€preciseÐ ` Ðinformation€on€the€examinations€of€presumed€torture€victims€by€the€medical€expert€who€lent€hisÐ P Ðassistance€during€the€inquiry,€and€on€the€talks€which€the€Committee€members€making€the€inquiryÐ ð@ Ðhad€with€the€Turkish€authorities€about€the€torture€allegations€received.Ð à0 ÐÌ37.€€The€Government€of€Turkey€has€informed€the€Committee€that€it€rejects€all€the€allegations€ofÐ À! Ðtorture€submitted€by€non„governmental€organizations,€since€those€organizations€are,€in€its€view,Ð °"  Ðdeeply€politicized€or€have€never€given€credible€proof€of€their€impartiality.€€As€to€the€testimonyÐ  #ð! Ðgathered€during€the€mission€to€Turkey,€the€Government€stated€that€it€was€derived€essentially€fromÐ $à" Ðpersons€presumed€to€be€terrorists€who,€in€line€with€their€strategy,€had€every€reason€to€claim€that€theyÐ €%Ð # Ðhad€been€tortured.Ð p&À!$ ÐÌ38.€€The€Committee€considered€that,€even€though€only€a€small€number€of€torture€cases€can€be€provenÐ P( #& Ðwith€absolute€certainty,€the€copious€testimony€gathered€is€so€consistent€in€its€description€of€tortureÐ @)$' Ðtechniques€and€the€places€and€circumstances€in€which€torture€is€perpetrated€that€the€existence€ofÐ 0*€%( Ðsystematic€torture€in€Turkey€cannot€be€denied.Ð  +p&) ÐÌ39.€€The€Committee€considers€that€torture€is€practised€systematically€when€it€is€apparent€that€theÐ -P(+ Ðtorture€cases€reported€have€not€occurred€fortuitously€in€a€particular€place€or€at€a€particular€time,€butÐ ð-@), Ðare€seen€to€be€habitual,€widespread€and€deliberate€in€at€least€a€considerable€part€of€the€territory€ofÐ ° Ðthe€country€in€question.€€Torture€may€in€fact€be€of€a€systematic€character€without€resulting€from€theÐ  ð Ðdirect€intention€of€the€Government.€€It€may€be€the€consequence€of€factors€which€the€Government€hasÐ à Ðdifficulty€in€controlling,€and€its€existence€may€indicate€a€discrepancy€between€policy€as€determinedÐ €Ð Ðby€the€central€Government€and€its€implementation€by€the€local€administration.€€InadequateÐ pÀ Ðlegislation€which€in€practice€allows€room€for€the€use€of€torture€may€also€add€to€the€systematic€natureÐ ` ° Ðof€this€practice.Ð P   ÐÌ40.€€The€Committee€deplores€and€condemns€any€act€of€violence€perpetrated€by€armed€groups,Ð 0 € Ðregardless€of€their€origin,€particularly€if€they€terrorize€the€population€or€try€to€destabilize€theÐ  p  Ðdemocratic€institutions.Ð `  ÐÌ41.€€The€Committee€wishes€to€point€out,€however,€that€under€article€2,€paragraph€2,€of€theÐ ð@  ÐConvention,€no€exceptional€circumstances€whatsoever,€whether€state€of€war€or€a€threat€of€war,Ð à0  Ðinternal€political€instability€or€any€other€public€emergency,€may€be€invoked€as€a€justification€ofÐ Ð  Ðtorture.Ð À ÐÌ42.€€The€Turkish€authorities,€who€have€undertaken€to€respect€that€provision€and,€what€is€more,€haveÐ  ð Ðpublicly€condemned€torture€as€a€crime€against€humanity,€should€take€measures€to€ensure€that€suchÐ à Ða€provision€is€implemented€strictly€by€all€State€authorities.€€Particular€attention€should€be€paid€toÐ €Ð Ðimplementation€of€that€provision€in€the€provinces€under€a€state€of€emergency.Ð pÀ ÐÌ43.€€In€this€connection,€efforts€should€be€made€to€prevent€certain€departments€within€the€MinistryÐ P  Ðof€the€Interior€in€particular€from€becoming,€as€it€were,€a€State€within€a€State€and€appearing€to€escapeÐ @ Ðcontrol€by€senior€authorities.€€To€that€end,€inspections€of€interrogation€centres€by€Ministry€of€theÐ 0€ ÐInterior€officials€might€be€envisaged,€and€penalties€should€be€imposed€on€persons€violating€articleÐ  p Ð13€of€Act€No.€3842€and€the€administrative€regulations€of€6€August€1991€concerning€interrogationÐ ` Ðprocedures,€which€explicitly€prohibit€the€use€of€torture.Ð P ÐÌ44.€€Furthermore,€efforts€should€be€made€to€acquaint€existing€law„enforcement€personnel€andÐ à0 Ðpersonnel€currently€undergoing€training€with€interrogation€and€investigation€techniques€that€do€notÐ Ð  Ðinvolve€any€kind€of€torture€or€other€cruel,€inhuman€or€degrading€treatment.Ð À! ÐÌ45.€€In€connection€with€the€latter€point,€the€Government€of€Turkey€has€informed€the€Committee€thatÐ  #ð! Ðpolice€and€gendarmerie€officers€and€senior€officials€in€the€Directorate„General€for€Security€were€dueÐ $à" Ðto€take,€or€were€currently€taking,€training€courses€on€interrogation€methods,€mainly€in€EuropeanÐ €%Ð # Ðcountries€members€of€the€Council€of€Europe.Ð p&À!$ ÐÌ46.€€For€its€part,€the€Committee€considers€that€any€programme€for€the€training€of€public€officialsÐ P( #& Ðshould€highlight€the€fact€that€the€practice€of€torture€is€not€only€a€criminal€act€which€carries€severeÐ @)$' Ðpenalties,€but€also€an€act€which€is€degrading€and€shameful€for€its€perpetrators€and€their€superiorÐ 0*€%( Ðofficers.Ð  +p&) ÐÌ47.€€The€Committee€wishes€to€emphasize€that€it€has€suggested€to€the€Government€of€Turkey€that€itÐ -P(+ Ðshould€set€up€national€machinery€to€combat€torture.€€An€independent€commission€might€beÐ ð-@), Ðestablished,€under€the€aegis€of€the€Ministry€for€Human€Rights,€comprising€members€of€theÐ ° Ðprofessions€concerned€(lawyers€and€doctors)€and€representatives€of€non„governmental€organizations,Ð  ð Ðtogether€with€eminent€national€figures€recognized€as€having€campaigned€against€this€evil.€€TheÐ à Ðcommission€would€have€access€to€any€detention€or€interrogation€centre€it€wished€to€visit.€€ItsÐ €Ð Ðresponsibilities€would€include€regular€and€frequent€visits€to€all€places€of€detention,€particularly€thoseÐ pÀ Ðunder€the€authority€of€the€Ministry€of€the€Interior,€meeting€persons€held€in€custody€in€those€places,Ð ` ° Ðconsulting€prison€registers,€receiving€complaints€of€torture€and€transmitting€them€to€the€prosecutorððsÐ P   Ðoffice.€€Its€reports€would€be€publicized€and€it€would€play€an€advisory€and€initiatory€role€in€theÐ @  Ðdrafting€of€any€parliamentary€bill€concerning€action€to€combat€torture.Ð 0 € ÐÌ48.€€The€Committee€further€considered,€in€November€1992,€that€the€following€immediate€measuresÐ `  Ðwere€necessary:Ð P  ÐÌ(a)€€The€use€of€a€blindfold€during€questioning€should€be€expressly€prohibited;Ð à0  ÐÌ(b)€€A€programme€of€generalized€legal€assistance,€free€of€charge,€should€be€instituted€so€that€anyÐ À Ðperson€held€in€police€custody,€especially€those€with€only€a€slight€knowledge€of€the€rules€of€law,€canÐ ° Ðbenefit€from€the€full€protection€of€the€law;Ð  ð ÐÌ(c)€€Access€by€lawyers€to€places€of€detention€should€be€made€easier.€€In€the€case€of€persons€held€inÐ €Ð Ðpolice€custody,€premises€should€be€made€available€where€interviews€between€the€accused€person€andÐ pÀ Ðhis€counsel€can€take€place€within€sight,€but€not€within€earshot,€of€a€police€officer€or€official€of€theÐ `° Ðestablishment€concerned.Ð P  ÐÌ49.€€The€Committee€has€received€no€response€to€the€recommendation€contained€under€(a).€€As€to€itsÐ 0€ Ðrecommendations€(b)€and€(c),€the€new€Turkish€criminal€legislation€would€represent€a€satisfactoryÐ  p Ðresponse€if€it€did€not€provide€for€reservations€for€defendants€tried€by€the€State€Security€Courts.Ð ` ÐÌC.€€òòPlaces€of€detention€under€the€authority€of€the€Ministry€of€the€InterioróóÐ ð@ ÐÌ50.€€The€Committee€considers€that€places€of€detention€under€the€authority€of€the€Ministry€of€theÐ Ð  ÐInterior€pose€many€problems€from€the€standpoint€of€article€20€of€the€Convention.€€All€the€testimonyÐ À! Ðcollected€before,€during€and€after€the€visit€by€the€Committee€members€making€the€inquiryÐ °"  Ðcorroborates€this€assertion.Ð  #ð! ÐÌ51.€€Although€the€Government€of€Turkey€has€taken€initiatives€to€combat€torture,€the€current€situationÐ €%Ð # Ðis€still€one€in€which€torture€is€systematically€practised€in€various€premises€under€the€authority€of€theÐ p&À!$ ÐMinistry€of€the€Interior.€€There€is€an€obvious€discrepancy€between,€on€the€one€hand,€the€measuresÐ `'°"% Ðtaken€and€the€intentions€expressed€by€the€authorities€with€regard€to€action€to€combat€torture,€and€onÐ P( #& Ðthe€other,€the€practice€followed€in€the€premises€of€the€Ministry€of€the€Interior.Ð @)$' ÐÌ52.€€As€to€the€layout€of€places€of€detention,€particularly€the€solitary€confinement€cells,€theÐ  +p&) ÐCommittee,€in€November€1992,€called€on€the€Turkish€authorities€to€demolish€immediately€andÐ ,`'* Ðsystematically€all€the€solitary€confinement€cells€known€as€ð ðcoffinsðð,€which€in€themselves€constituteÐ -P(+ Ða€kind€of€torture.€€Those€cells€measure€approximately€60€by€80€centimetres,€they€have€no€light€andÐ ð-@), Ðinadequate€ventilation,€and€the€inmate€can€only€stand€or€crouch.€€The€Committee€also€requested€thatÐ ° Ðother€solitary€confinement€cells€should€as€soon€as€possible€be€brought€up€to€international€standards,Ð  ð Ðsuch€as€those€contained€in€the€Standard€Minimum€Rules€for€the€Treatment€of€Prisoners.Ð à ÐÌ53.€€The€Government€of€Turkey€has€formally€undertaken€to€comply€with€the€CommitteeððsÐ pÀ Ðrecommendations€concerning€solitary€confinement€cells€and€has€drawn€the€Committeeððs€attentionÐ ` ° Ðto€the€relevant€provisions€of€the€regulations€of€22€September€1992€concerning€conditions€ofÐ P   Ðdetention€of€persons€in€police€custody,€which€provide,€òòinter€aliaóó,€for€improvements€in€places€ofÐ @  Ðdetention€and€adequate€dimensions€for€individual€cells,€in€conformity€with€European€rules€andÐ 0 € Ðstandards.€€The€Government€has€stated€that€the€physical€conditions€of€places€of€detention€andÐ  p  Ðadministrative€procedures€relating€to€police€custody€were€adapted€to€the€requirements€of€the€newÐ `  Ðregulations€as€soon€as€they€entered€into€force€on€23€September€1992.Ð P  ÐÌD.€€òòPlaces€of€detention€under€the€authority€of€the€Ministry€of€JusticeóóÐ à0  ÐÌ54.€€As€to€the€implementation€of€article€20€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€considered€that€placesÐ À Ðof€detention€under€the€authority€of€the€Ministry€of€Justice€pose€no€problems€in€this€respect.Ð ° ÐÌ55.€€However,€in€November€1992,€the€Committee€transmitted€the€following€recommendations€to€theÐ à ÐGovernment€of€Turkey:Ð €Ð ÐÌ(a)€€In€general,€practical€efforts€should€be€made,€and€funds€allocated,€to€solve€the€problem€of€prisonÐ `° Ðovercrowding.€€To€that€end,€new€places€of€detention€more€in€keeping€with€international€standardsÐ P  Ðshould€be€built€and€conditions€in€existing€places€of€detention;€notably€with€regard€to€hygiene,€shouldÐ @ Ðbe€improved;Ð 0€ ÐÌ(ò òó ób)€€The€solitary€confinement€cells€in€prison€No.€1€at€Diyarbakir€should€be€demolished;€to€use€themÐ ` Ðwould,€in€any€case,€be€contrary€to€the€provisions€of€the€Convention;Ð P ÐÌ(c)€€The€women€prisoners€currently€held€in€prison€No.€2€should€be€transferred€to€another€prison.Ð à0 ÐÌ56.€€The€Government€of€Turkey€has€informed€the€Committee€that€the€total€capacity€of€TurkishÐ À! Ðprisons€is€83,000,€while€the€number€of€detainees€is€30,000.€€The€relative€overcrowding€in€certainÐ °"  Ðprisons€has€been€eliminated€through€the€implementation€of€new€measures.€€It€has€further€stated€thatÐ  #ð! Ðthe€solitary€confinement€cells€in€prison€No.€1€at€Diyarbakir€are€not€in€use€and€that€women€prisonersÐ $à" Ðin€Diyarbakir€prison€have€been€transferred€to€Sanliurta€prison.Ð €%Ð # ÐÌIV.€€FINAL€STATEMENTÐ `'°"% ÐÌ57.€€The€Committee€takes€note€with€satisfaction€of€the€cooperation€of€the€Turkish€authorities€duringÐ @)$' Ðthe€inquiry,€and€congratulates€them€on€having€acted€on€many€of€its€recommendations€and€takenÐ 0*€%( Ðmeasures€intended€to€reinforce€the€implementation€of€the€Covenant€and€to€improve€the€human€rightsÐ  +p&) Ðsituation€in€Turkey.Ð ,`'* ÐÌ58.€€Nevertheless,€the€Committee€remains€concerned€at€the€number€and€substance€of€the€allegationsÐ ð-@), Ðof€torture€received,€which€confirm€the€existence€and€systematic€character€of€the€practice€of€tortureÐ ° Ðin€this€State€party.Ð  ð ÐÌ59.€€The€Committee€expressed€the€hope€that€the€new€Government€of€Turkey,€which€was€formed€inÐ €Ð ÐJune€1993,€will€take€forceful€and€effective€measures€in€order€rapidly€to€end€the€practice€of€torture,Ð pÀ Ðin€accordance€with€the€provisions€of€the€Convention.€Ð ` ° ÐÓŠXÓÔUS.,UK.,tÔ